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243 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
243 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
# NixOS
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For each machine, there is a top-level directory, e.g. [yodaTab](yodaTab).
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## NixOS ISO
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* There is no official torrent as they are not needed due to CDN.
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* ISO and checksum are available here: https://nixos.org/download#nixos-iso
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* There are unofficial torrents. If the checksum is compared with the one from the official website, these can be used as well: https://github.com/AnimMouse/NixOS-ISO-Torrents/releases
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## Build and Switch
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nixos-rebuild
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Directly change to new config and make it default:
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```shell
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sudo nixos-rebuild -I nixos-config=yodaTab/configuration.nix switch
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```
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## System updates
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* https://superuser.com/a/1604695
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```shell
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sudo nix-channel --update
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```
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```shell
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# The -s param does currently not work for both, .nix and .json file.
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# Workaround: https://github.com/nmattia/niv/pull/133#issuecomment-703322261
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#
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#niv --sources-file=yodaTab/nix/sources.json update
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#
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(cd yodaTab && niv update)
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```
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Then run `nixos-rebuild switch`, see above.
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## Garbage Collection
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* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/garbage-collection.html
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/why-doesnt-nix-collect-garbage-remove-old-generations-from-efi-menu/17592/4
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For all profiles:
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```shell
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sudo nix-collect-garbage --delete-older-than 14d
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```
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Remove old generations from EFI:
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```shell
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sudo /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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```
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## Evaluate configuration.nix to JSON
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TODO: https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-show-config.html
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/can-i-run-nix-instantiate-eval-strict-on-my-configuration-nix/7105/4
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This evaluates `configuration.nix` (single module):
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```shell
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NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1 nix-instantiate --strict --json --eval -E '
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import ./yodaTab/configuration.nix {
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config = {};
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pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
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lib = import <nixpkgs/lib>;
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}
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' > evaluated-config.json
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```
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Then open [evaluated-config.json](evaluated-config.json).
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## Install Home Manager with niv
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niv:
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> Easy dependency management for Nix projects.
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>
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> Nix is a very powerful tool for building code and setting up environments. niv complements it by making it easy to
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> describe and update remote dependencies (URLs, GitHub repos, etc). It is a simple, practical alternative to Nix
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> flakes.
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>
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> https://github.com/nmattia/niv
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> Niv is an easy dependency management for Nix projects with package pinning.
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>
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> https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide
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Home Manager:
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> [Home Manager] allows declarative configuration of user specific (non-global) packages and dotfiles.
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>
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> To avoid breaking users' configurations, Home Manager is released in branches corresponding to NixOS releases (
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> e.g. `release-23.05`).
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>
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> Home Manager provides both the channel-based setup and the flake-based one.
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>
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> https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager
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Check your channel:
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```shell
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sudo nix-channel --list
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#=> nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-23.05
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```
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Use the corresponding branch:
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```shell
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(cd yodaTab && niv add nix-community/home-manager -n home-manager -b release-23.05)
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```
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## disko and nixos-anywhere
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* Introductory presentation: https://pad.lassul.us/cccamp-workshop
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* disko: https://github.com/nix-community/disko
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* nixos-anywhere: https://github.com/numtide/nixos-anywhere/
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```shell
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# TODO (!)
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```
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## BTRFS Swap file
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Btrfs#Swap_file
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* https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/btrfs#Swap_file
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Summary:
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* Create subvolume `@swap` directly below top-level subvolume.
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* Mount at `/swap`
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* Create swapfile: `sudo btrfs filesystem mkswapfile --size 8g --uuid clear /swap/swapfile`
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* Regenerate hardware-configuration: `sudo nixos-generate-config --dir yodaTab`
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* Add `swapDevices = [ { device = "/swap/swapfile"; } ];` to hardware configuration and run `nixos-rebuild switch` (see above).
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## Automount Encrypted Drive
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* Generate and add keyfile to LUKS device
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* luksOpen and mount drive, e.g. to `/mnt/data1`
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* Re-generate hardware configuration:
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```shell
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sudo nixos-generate-config --dir yodaTab
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```
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## GNOME extensions
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* https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/284#issuecomment-531384656
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* https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/284#issuecomment-1321199263
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* Search for packaged
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extensions: https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=23.05&from=0&size=50&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=gnomeExtensions
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* One has to re-login after
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changes: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/284#issuecomment-1328269433
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```shell
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# TODO
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```
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## Run an AppImage
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Appimage
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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nix-shell --packages appimage-run
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```
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```shell
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# Inside the shell, you can run an AppImage:
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appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage
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```
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## General Notes
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* There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
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* Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226010942/http://www.linux.com/feature/155922) December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008
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### Nix Pills
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* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
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It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
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chapters called 'pills'.
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### Papers
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Papers about Nix:
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* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
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* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
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* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
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* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
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### Search for packages
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* https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=23.05
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### Search for options
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* https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=23.05
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* Or `man configuration.nix`
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* https://mipmip.github.io/home-manager-option-search
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* Or `man home-configuration.nix`
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### Search wich package owns a file
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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nix-shell --packages nix-index
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```
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```shell
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# Inside the shell:
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# Either build the index manually (requires >8GB RAM)
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nix-index
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# Or download weekly build:
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mkdir -p ~/.cache/nix-index/ && wget -q -N https://github.com/nix-community/nix-index-database/releases/latest/download/index-x86_64-linux -O ~/.cache/nix-index/files
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# Then search for a file
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nix-locate -w '/bash'
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```
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### References
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Some references to websites that helped me create this repository:
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* https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs
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* https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide#getting-started
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## TODOs
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* FDE remote SSH unlock: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Remote_LUKS_Unlocking, https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Specialties#Remote_unlocking_of_root_(or_other)_partition
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* Yubikey FDE: https://github.com/georgewhewell/nixos-host/blob/master/profiles/luks-yubi.nix
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* Impermanence, opt-in to
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persistence: https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs/tree/main#try-opt-in-persistance
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* nix-shell / lorri
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* https://ghedam.at/15978/an-introduction-to-nix-shell
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* docker-compose.yml for services and nix-shell to run the code
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