mirror of
https://codeberg.org/privacy1st/nix-git
synced 2024-12-25 02:56:05 +01:00
435 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
435 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# btrbk
|
|
|
|
<!-- TOC -->
|
|
* [btrbk](#btrbk)
|
|
* [General](#general)
|
|
* [Snapshots and Backups](#snapshots-and-backups)
|
|
* [Actions and Informative Commands](#actions-and-informative-commands)
|
|
* [run [filter...]](#run-filter)
|
|
* [clean [filter...]](#clean-filter)
|
|
* [stats [filter...]](#stats-filter)
|
|
* [diff <from> <to>](#diff-from-to)
|
|
* [Cleanup](#cleanup)
|
|
* [Configuration](#configuration)
|
|
* [General](#general-1)
|
|
* [Retention](#retention)
|
|
* [SSH and Data Stream Options](#ssh-and-data-stream-options)
|
|
* [System Options](#system-options)
|
|
* [Example: Local Snapshots and Backup](#example-local-snapshots-and-backup)
|
|
* [Testing on Local Host](#testing-on-local-host)
|
|
* [NixOS Config](#nixos-config)
|
|
* [pi3bplus Host Config](#pi3bplus-host-config)
|
|
<!-- TOC -->
|
|
|
|
## General
|
|
|
|
* https://digint.ch/btrbk/doc/readme.html
|
|
* https://digint.ch/btrbk/doc/btrbk.1.html
|
|
* https://digint.ch/btrbk/doc/btrbk.conf.5.html
|
|
|
|
> btrbk - backup tool for btrfs subvolumes
|
|
|
|
- Take snapshots (on same disk)
|
|
- Create multiple backups (on different disks) over SSH
|
|
|
|
Further resources:
|
|
- https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Btrbk
|
|
- https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Btrbk
|
|
|
|
## Snapshots and Backups
|
|
|
|
subvolume: <subvolume-name>
|
|
|
|
snapshot: <snapshot-name>.<timestamp>\[<N>]
|
|
|
|
timestamp: Can be configured using the `timestamp_format` option.
|
|
|
|
N: If multiple snapshots are created at the same time, the increasing counter N differentiates them.
|
|
|
|
## Actions and Informative Commands
|
|
|
|
### run [filter...]
|
|
|
|
In multiple steps, perform snapshots and backups.
|
|
* Read Data: Perform sanity checks
|
|
* Create Snapshots
|
|
* Create Backups
|
|
* Delete Backups
|
|
* Delete Snapshots
|
|
|
|
### clean [filter...]
|
|
|
|
Delete incomplete backups (network error, kill signal while send/receive was ongoing).
|
|
|
|
### stats [filter...]
|
|
|
|
Print statistics of snapshot and backup subvolumes.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo btrbk -c /etc/btrbk/local-backup-hdd.conf stats
|
|
```
|
|
```console
|
|
SOURCE_SUBVOLUME SNAPSHOT_SUBVOLUME TARGET_SUBVOLUME SNAPSHOTS BACKUPS
|
|
/mnt/data/jc-data/cloud.fykml.de /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.fykml.de.* /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.fykml.de.* 77 17
|
|
/mnt/data/jc-data/cloud.privacy1st.de /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.* /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.* 77 17
|
|
|
|
Total:
|
|
154 snapshots
|
|
34 backups (34 correlated)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### diff <from> <to>
|
|
|
|
List the modified files since generation (transid) of subvolume <from> in subvolume <to>.
|
|
|
|
Columns:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
SIZE file was modified for a total of SIZE bytes
|
|
COUNT file was modified in COUNT generations
|
|
FLAGS "+" file accessed at offset 0 (at least once)
|
|
"c" COMPRESS flag is set (at least once)
|
|
"i" INLINE flag is set (at least once)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo btrbk -c /etc/btrbk/local-backup-hdd.conf diff cloud.privacy1st.de.20240222T2300 cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T1400
|
|
```
|
|
```console
|
|
FLAGS COUNT SIZE FILE
|
|
+c. 1 2.36 MiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/appstore/apps.json
|
|
+.. 1 12.00 KiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/preview/a/3/f/c/b/b/7/5105712/256-256-crop.jpg
|
|
+.. 1 24.00 KiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/preview/a/3/f/c/b/b/7/5105712/384-512-max.jpg
|
|
+.. 1 8.00 KiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/preview/d/8/4/f/d/0/7/5105717/256-256-crop.jpg
|
|
+.. 1 20.00 KiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/preview/d/8/4/f/d/0/7/5105717/384-512-max.jpg
|
|
+c. 1 208.00 KiB data/appdata_oc2uzw0ocw65/suspicious_login/models/527
|
|
... 18 324.00 KiB data/nextcloud.log
|
|
... 257 40.21 MiB db/binlog.000119
|
|
... 290 48.11 MiB db/ib_logfile0
|
|
+c. 5 5.59 MiB db/ibdata1
|
|
.c. 4 112.00 KiB db/mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd
|
|
.c. 1 32.00 KiB db/mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd
|
|
+.. 3 264.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_activity.ibd
|
|
.c. 1 32.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_activity_mq.ibd
|
|
... 2 16.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_appconfig.ibd
|
|
+.. 3 88.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_authtoken.ibd
|
|
... 4 40.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_calendar_reminders.ibd
|
|
... 3 40.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_calendarchanges.ibd
|
|
+.. 6 184.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_calendarobjects.ibd
|
|
+.. 4 232.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_calendarobjects_props.ibd
|
|
.c. 1 8.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_calendarsubscriptions.ibd
|
|
... 8 1.18 MiB db/nextcloud/oc_filecache.ibd
|
|
... 2 48.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_filecache_extended.ibd
|
|
... 1 32.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_gpodder_episode_action.ibd
|
|
... 2 48.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_jobs.ibd
|
|
+c. 1 48.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_login_address.ibd
|
|
... 3 64.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_login_ips_aggregated.ibd
|
|
... 1 40.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_maps_photos.ibd
|
|
... 1 24.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_news_feeds.ibd
|
|
+.. 9 4.98 MiB db/nextcloud/oc_news_items.ibd
|
|
... 4 64.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_notifications.ibd
|
|
.c. 2 24.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_notifications_settings.ibd
|
|
... 1 16.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_preferences.ibd
|
|
... 1 16.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_preview_generation.ibd
|
|
... 1 16.00 KiB db/nextcloud/oc_suspicious_login_model.ibd
|
|
|
|
Total size: 104.47 MiB
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Cleanup
|
|
|
|
- Adjustments: It is possible to change `2d` to something else, e.g. `no` to keep only the latest snapshot/backup.
|
|
- **Warning**: If all except the latest snapshots and backups are deleted on `yodaNas`, then the next backup to `yodaHedgehog` will be **non-incremental**! Make sure to keep at least one snapshot/backup per subvolume on `yodaNas` that has already been copied to `yodaHedgehog`. Or use a config file that covers local (`yodaNas`) and remote (`yodahedgehog`) backups!
|
|
|
|
- First, perform a dryrun. Double-check the output. Then, replace `dryrun` with `run`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo btrbk -c /etc/btrbk/local-backup-ssd.conf \
|
|
--override=snapshot_preserve=2d \
|
|
--override=snapshot_preserve_min=latest \
|
|
--override=snapshot_create=no \
|
|
--override=target_preserve=2d \
|
|
--override=target_preserve_min=latest \
|
|
--print-schedule \
|
|
dryrun
|
|
```
|
|
```console
|
|
SNAPSHOT SCHEDULE
|
|
-----------------
|
|
ACTION SUBVOLUME SCHEME REASON
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20230927T1827 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
...
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240220T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
- /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240221T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 2 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240221T0100 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
...
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240221T2300 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
- /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240222T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 1 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240222T0100 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
...
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240222T2300 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
- /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 0 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T0100 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
...
|
|
delete /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T1500 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
- /mnt/data/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T1600 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve min: latest
|
|
|
|
BACKUP SCHEDULE
|
|
---------------
|
|
ACTION SUBVOLUME SCHEME REASON
|
|
delete /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20230927T1827 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
...
|
|
delete /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240220T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) -
|
|
- /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240221T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 2 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
- /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240222T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 1 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
- /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T0000 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve daily: first of day, 0 days ago, at 00:00
|
|
- /mnt/backup/snap2/cloud.privacy1st.de.20240223T1600 2d (sunday, 00:00) preserve min: latest
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Configuration
|
|
|
|
### General
|
|
|
|
`volume <volume-directory|<ulr>`: Usually the mount point of a btrfs filesystem mounted with `subvolid=5`.
|
|
|
|
`subvolume <subvolume-name|<url>`: Subvolume to be backed up, relative to `<volume-directory>`.
|
|
|
|
`snapshot_dir <directory>`: Directory in which the btrfs snapshots are created, relative to `<volume-directory>`. Hast to be created **manually**!
|
|
|
|
`target <target-directory>|<url>`: Target directory where the backup subvolumes are to be created. Multiple target sections are allowed.
|
|
|
|
`url`: Accepted formats are:
|
|
* `ssh://<hostname>[:<port>]/<directory>`
|
|
* `<hostname>:<directory>`
|
|
|
|
`hostname`: Either a host name, IPv4 or IPv6 address
|
|
|
|
`timestamp_format short|long|long-iso`: This becomes relevant for setups with multiple btrbk instances, e.g. many snapshot-only instances (spread around the world), and a fetch-only instance on the backup server. Make sure to run btrbk with the same time zone on every host, e.g. by setting the TZ environment variable (see tzset(3)).
|
|
|
|
### Retention
|
|
|
|
`snapshot_preserve <retention_policy>`
|
|
|
|
`snapshot_preserve_min all|latest|<number>{h,d,w,m,y}`: Preserve all snapshots for a minimum amount of hours (h), days (d), weeks (w), months (m) or years (y).
|
|
|
|
`target_preserve <retention_policy>`
|
|
|
|
`target_preserve_min all|latest|no|<number>{h,d,w,m,y}`: Preserve all snapshots for a minimum amount of hours (h), days (d), weeks (w), months (m) or years (y). If set to "no", only the backups following the `target_preserve` policy are created.
|
|
|
|
`<retention_policy>`: `[<hourly>h] [<daily>d] [<weekly>w] [<monthly>m] [<yearly>y]`. Defines how many backups of each period should be preserved.
|
|
|
|
### SSH and Data Stream Options
|
|
|
|
`ssh_compression yes|no`
|
|
|
|
`stream_compress <compress_command>`: Compress the btrfs send stream before transferring it from/to remote locations.
|
|
|
|
`<compress_command>`: gzip, pigz, bzip2, pbzip2, bzip3, xz, lzo, lz4, zstd.
|
|
|
|
`stream_buffer <size>|no`: This can give a speed improvement (measured up to 20%) on both local or remote operations, but also increases system load. Make sure that the `mbuffer` command is available. Leave this option disabled if your main concern is a stable backup process: while recent versions of mbuffer have proven reliable, it is often desirable to keep things simple rather than adding an additional, multi-threaded process to the command pipe.
|
|
|
|
`rate_limit <rate>|no`: Limit the read rate of the btrfs send stream to `<rate>` bytes per second. Implies the `stream_buffer` option.
|
|
|
|
### System Options
|
|
|
|
`transaction_syslog <facility>|no`: Log all transactions to syslog.
|
|
|
|
`lockfile <file>|no`
|
|
|
|
## Example: Local Snapshots and Backup
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
timestamp_format long
|
|
|
|
snapshot_preserve_min 2d
|
|
snapshot_preserve 24h 7d 4w 6m
|
|
|
|
target_preserve_min no
|
|
target_preserve 7d 4w 6m
|
|
|
|
volume /mnt/12tb1-top-level
|
|
snapshot_dir @snap
|
|
target /mnt/12tb2-top-level/@snap
|
|
subvolume @home
|
|
subvolume @
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Mount top-level subvolume:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
mount -o subvolid=5 /dev/mapper/some-disk /mnt/12tb1-top-level
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Manually create snapshot directory:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/12tb1-top-level/@snap
|
|
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/12tb2-top-level/@snap
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Snapshots only:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
btrbk snapshot
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Backup only:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
btrbk resume
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Create an additional snapshot of @home:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
btrbk snapshot @home
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Testing on Local Host
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/top-level
|
|
ls /mnt/top-level/@ || sudo mount -o subvolid=5 /dev/mapper/luks-ea7099e3-320d-4eb3-a4c3-9910a9af817b /mnt/top-level
|
|
ls /mnt/top-level/@snap || sudo btrfs subvolume create /mnt/top-level/@snap
|
|
ls /mnt/top-level/@foo || {
|
|
sudo btrfs subvolume create /mnt/top-level/@foo
|
|
sudo touch /mnt/top-level/@foo/bar
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
ls ~/btrbk-usb.img || {
|
|
fallocate -l 1G ~/btrbk-usb.img
|
|
sudo mkfs.btrfs ~/btrbk-usb.img
|
|
# Mount and create subvolume @
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb-top-level
|
|
ls /mnt/usb-top-level/@ || sudo mount -o subvolid=5 ~/btrbk-usb.img /mnt/usb-top-level
|
|
ls /mnt/usb-top-level/@snap || sudo btrfs subvolume create /mnt/usb-top-level/@snap
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
cat > ~/btrbk.cfg <<'EOF'
|
|
timestamp_format long
|
|
|
|
snapshot_preserve_min 2d
|
|
snapshot_preserve 24h 7d 4w 6m
|
|
|
|
target_preserve_min no
|
|
target_preserve 7d 4w 6m
|
|
|
|
volume /mnt/top-level
|
|
snapshot_dir @snap
|
|
target /mnt/usb-top-level/@snap
|
|
subvolume @foo
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Check configuration.
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg config print
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg config list
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Dry run.
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg run -n
|
|
# Create first snapshot.
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg run
|
|
# Print schedule.
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg run -n -S
|
|
|
|
sleep 5m
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg run
|
|
|
|
# List snapshots
|
|
sudo btrbk -c ~/btrbk.cfg list
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### NixOS Config
|
|
|
|
```nix
|
|
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
|
|
{
|
|
services.btrbk = {
|
|
# Lowest scheduling priority.
|
|
niceness = 19;
|
|
# Set of btrbk instances. The instance named btrbk is the default one.
|
|
instances = {
|
|
# This is the configuration equivalent to
|
|
# README.md section "Testing on Local Host".
|
|
"testing-on-local-host" = {
|
|
# The timer is disabled. The service has to be invoked manually.
|
|
onCalendar = null;
|
|
#onCalendar = "hourly";
|
|
#onCalendar = "*:0/15"; # Every 15min
|
|
# Configuration options for btrbk. Nested attrsets translate to subsections.
|
|
settings = {
|
|
timestamp_format = "long";
|
|
stream_compress = "lz4";
|
|
|
|
snapshot_preserve_min = "2d";
|
|
snapshot_preserve = "24h 7d 4w 6m";
|
|
|
|
target_preserve_min = "no";
|
|
target_preserve = "7d 4w 6m";
|
|
|
|
volume."/mnt/top-level" = {
|
|
snapshot_dir = "@snap";
|
|
target = "/mnt/usb-top-level/@snap";
|
|
subvolume = "@foo";
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
};
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## pi3bplus Host Config
|
|
|
|
A local `btrbk` instance manages snapshots and local backups.
|
|
|
|
Another remote backup server periodically pulls snapshots to create remote backups. Here is its config:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
cat > ~/btrbk.cfg <<'EOF'
|
|
timestamp_format long
|
|
stream_compress lz4
|
|
ssh_identity /mnt/backup/rootNas_ed25519
|
|
|
|
# Create backups.
|
|
target_preserve_min no
|
|
# Daily backups -> @daily cron entry
|
|
target_preserve 7d 4w 6m
|
|
# Hourly backups -> @hourly cron entry
|
|
#target_preserve 24h 7d 4w 6m
|
|
|
|
# Don't create or delete snapshots on remote server "rootNas".
|
|
snapshot_preserve_min all
|
|
snapshot_create no
|
|
|
|
volume ssh://rootNas/jc-data
|
|
snapshot_dir /snap
|
|
target /mnt/backup/snap
|
|
subvolume arch.p1st.de
|
|
subvolume blogger.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume changedetection.p1st.de
|
|
subvolume cloud.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume git.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume mastodon-toot-follower.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume money.p1st.de
|
|
subvolume music.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume paste.p1st.de
|
|
subvolume proxy
|
|
subvolume recipe.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume traggo.privacy1st.de
|
|
volume ssh://rootNas/mnt/data/jc-data
|
|
snapshot_dir /mnt/data/snap2
|
|
target /mnt/backup/snap2
|
|
subvolume cloud.privacy1st.de
|
|
subvolume cloud.fykml.de
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|