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NixOS

This document contains general notes about NixOS that are independent of my NixOS configuration.

Table of Contents

Misc

  • There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
  • Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," Archived December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008

NixOS upgrades

See NixOS Upgrades.

niv: Dependency management

niv:

Easy dependency management for Nix projects.

Nix is a very powerful tool for building code and setting up environments. niv complements it by making it easy to describe and update remote dependencies (URLs, GitHub repos, etc). It is a simple, practical alternative to Nix flakes.

https://github.com/nmattia/niv

Niv is an easy dependency management for Nix projects with package pinning.

https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide

Initialize:

niv init

Change the tracking branch of nixpkgs from unstable to 23.05:

niv modify nixpkgs --branch nixos-23.05

Add nixpkgs unstable:

niv add NixOS/nixpkgs -n unstable -b nixpkgs-unstable

Add Home Manager with niv

Home Manager:

[Home Manager] allows declarative configuration of user specific (non-global) packages and dotfiles.

To avoid breaking users' configurations, Home Manager is released in branches corresponding to NixOS releases ( e.g. release-23.05).

Home Manager provides both the channel-based setup and the flake-based one.

https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager

Check your channel:

sudo nix-channel --list
#=> nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-23.05

Use the corresponding branch:

niv add nix-community/home-manager -n home-manager -b release-23.05

Add NUR with niv

The Nix User Repository (NUR) is community-driven meta repository for Nix packages.

... packages are built from source and are not reviewed by any Nixpkgs member.

https://github.com/nix-community/NUR

niv add nix-community/NUR -n NUR

System information

nix-info -m

 - system: `"x86_64-linux"`
 - host os: `Linux 6.1.51, NixOS, 23.05 (Stoat), 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf`
 - multi-user?: `yes`
 - sandbox: `yes`
 - version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.13.5`
 - channels(root): `"nixos-23.05"`
 - nixpkgs: `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos`

Search for packages

Search for options

Search which package owns a file

# Note how your shell prefix changes.
nix-shell -p nix-index

# Either build the index manually (requires >12GB RAM):
nix-index
# Or download weekly build:
mkdir -p ~/.cache/nix-index/ && wget -q -N https://github.com/nix-community/nix-index-database/releases/latest/download/index-x86_64-linux -O ~/.cache/nix-index/files

# Then search for a file
nix-locate --whole-name '/bash'

List files of package

Example for nano:

find $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A nano --no-link)

Excerpt of the result:

/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano
/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/asm.nanorc
/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/autoconf.nanorc

Package runtime dependency report

Example: Licenses and maintainers of runtime dependencies of package hello:

nix --extra-experimental-features flakes --extra-experimental-features nix-command bundle --bundler github:nix-how/nix-demos#runtimeReport nixpkgs#hello
cat hello-*-report

  ---------------------------------
  |        OFFICIAL REPORT        |
  |   requested by: the lawyers   |
  |    written by: yours truly    |
  |    TOP SECRET - TOP SECRET    |
  ---------------------------------

runtime dependencies of hello-2.12.1:
 - libunistring-1.1 (lgpl3Plus) maintained by 
 - xgcc-13.2.0 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Patrick Hilhorst, Vladimír Čunát, John Ericson
 - hello-2.12.1 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra
 - libidn2-2.3.4 (lgpl3Plus, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - glibc-2.38-27 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Maximilian Bosch, Connor Baker

Example: nano

  ---------------------------------
  |        OFFICIAL REPORT        |
  |   requested by: the lawyers   |
  |    written by: yours truly    |
  |    TOP SECRET - TOP SECRET    |
  ---------------------------------

runtime dependencies of nano-7.2:
 - libunistring-1.1 (lgpl3Plus) maintained by 
 - file-5.45 (bsd2) maintained by Doron Behar
 - xgcc-13.2.0 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Patrick Hilhorst, Vladimír Čunát, John Ericson
 - nano-7.2 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Joachim Fasting, Tim Steinbach
 - libidn2-2.3.4 (lgpl3Plus, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - zlib-1.3 (zlib) maintained by nobody
 - glibc-2.38-27 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Maximilian Bosch, Connor Baker
 - ncurses-6.4 (mit) maintained by nobody

Example: firefox

  ---------------------------------
  |        OFFICIAL REPORT        |
  |   requested by: the lawyers   |
  |    written by: yours truly    |
  |    TOP SECRET - TOP SECRET    |
  ---------------------------------

runtime dependencies of firefox-121.0.1:
 - libunistring-1.1 (lgpl3Plus) maintained by 
 - perl5.38.2-WWW-RobotRules-6.02 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - gdbm-1.23 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Rahul Gopinath
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-CookieJar-0.014 (asl20) maintained by nobody
 - gmp-with-cxx-6.3.0 (lgpl3Only, gpl2Only) maintained by Rahul Gopinath
 - libXdamage-1.1.6 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - expat-2.5.0 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - gnutls-3.8.2 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Vladimír Čunát
 - dbus-1.14.10 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Jan Tojnar
 - systemd-minimal-libs-254.6 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Florian Klink, Finn Behrens
 - gnutar-1.35 (gpl3Plus) maintained by 
 - util-linux-minimal-2.39.3 (gpl2Only, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus, lgpl21Plus, bsd3, bsdOriginalUC, publicDomain) maintained by nobody
 - gdk-pixbuf-2.42.10 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - tracker-3.6.0 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - libXext-1.3.5 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - openssl-3.0.12 (asl20) maintained by Markus Theil
 - at-spi2-core-2.50.0 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Michael Raskin
 - libXtst-1.2.4 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - gcc-13.2.0 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Patrick Hilhorst, Vladimír Čunát, John Ericson
 - bzip2-1.0.8 (bsdOriginal) maintained by Jörg Thalheim
 - perl5.38.2-TimeDate-2.33 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libsoup-3.4.4 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Jason O'Conal, Michael Raskin
 - dconf-0.40.0 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - cairo-1.18.0 (lgpl2Plus, mpl10) maintained by nobody
 - libxcrypt-4.4.36 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Misha Gusarov, Martin Weinelt
 - libxml2-2.12.3-unstable-2023-12-14 (mit) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Jan Tojnar
 - libffi-3.4.4 (mit) maintained by Matthew Bauer
 - perl5.38.2-Test-Fatal-0.017 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - gcc-13.2.0 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Patrick Hilhorst, Vladimír Čunát, John Ericson
 - libnetfilter_conntrack-1.0.9 (gpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - shadow-4.14.2 (bsd3) maintained by nobody
 - util-linux-minimal-2.39.3 (gpl2Only, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus, lgpl21Plus, bsd3, bsdOriginalUC, publicDomain) maintained by nobody
 - zstd-1.5.5 (bsd3) maintained by Orivej Desh
 - libyaml-0.2.5 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - db-4.8.30 (sleepycat) maintained by nobody
 - json-c-0.17 (mit) maintained by Jason O'Conal
 - avahi-0.8 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Jason O'Conal, Robin Gloster
 - libXfixes-6.0.1 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libsoup-2.74.3 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Jason O'Conal, Michael Raskin
 - libapparmor-3.1.6 (gpl2Only, lgpl21Only) maintained by Julien Moutinho, Austin Seipp, Andreas Schrägle, Janne Heß
 - cups-2.4.7 (asl20) maintained by Matthew Bauer
 - wayland-1.22.0 (mit) maintained by Michael Weiss, Cody Opel, Alyssa Ross
 - libXrandr-1.5.4 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - cryptsetup-2.6.1 (gpl2) maintained by Ryan Lahfa
 - nghttp2-1.57.0 (mit) maintained by Renaud
 - file-5.45 (bsd2) maintained by Doron Behar
 - gtk+3-3.24.39 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Michael Raskin, Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - giflib-5.2.1 (mit) maintained by 
 - gmp-with-cxx-6.3.0 (lgpl3Only, gpl2Only) maintained by Rahul Gopinath
 - libselinux-3.3 (gpl2Plus) maintained by 
 - freetype-2.13.2 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Thomas Tuegel
 - graphite2-1.3.14 (lgpl21) maintained by Michael Raskin
 - bash-5.2-p21 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Will Dietz
 - perl5.38.2-Net-HTTP-6.23 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - xkeyboard-config-2.40 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - audit-3.1.2 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Anderson Torres
 - libXrender-0.9.11 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - gnum4-1.4.19 (gpl3Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libdeflate-1.19 (mit) maintained by Orivej Desh, Dmitry Bogatov
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-Cookies-6.10 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - fribidi-1.0.13 (lgpl21) maintained by nobody
 - libfido2-1.14.0 (bsd2) maintained by Will Dietz, Pavol Rusnak
 - libuv-1.47.0 (mit, isc, bsd2, bsd3, cc-by-40) maintained by Mario Rodas
 - python3-3.11.7 (psfl) maintained by Frederik Rietdijk
 - xgcc-13.2.0 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Patrick Hilhorst, Vladimír Čunát, John Ericson
 - libmnl-1.0.5 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by nobody
 - util-linux-minimal-2.39.3 (gpl2Only, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus, lgpl21Plus, bsd3, bsdOriginalUC, publicDomain) maintained by nobody
 - libthai-0.1.29 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by 
 - gawk-5.2.2 (gpl3Plus) maintained by 
 - libXmu-1.1.4 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - unbound-1.19.0 (bsd3) maintained by Andreas Schrägle, Janne Heß
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-Message-6.45 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libbpf-1.3.0 (lgpl21, bsd2) maintained by Austin Seipp, Vladimír Čunát, Sascha Grunert, Dominique Martinet
 - pixman-0.42.2 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - libXft-2.3.8 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libGL-1.7.0 (mit, bsd1, bsd3, gpl3Only, asl20) maintained by nobody
 - firefox-121.0.1 (mpl20) maintained by Bernardo Meurer, Martin Weinelt
 - util-linux-minimal-2.39.3 (gpl2Only, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus, lgpl21Plus, bsd3, bsdOriginalUC, publicDomain) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-Clone-0.46 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - iptables-1.8.10 (gpl2) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - libssh2-1.11.0 (bsd3, libssh2) maintained by Sandro Jäckel
 - systemd-minimal-254.6 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Florian Klink, Finn Behrens
 - icu4c-73.2 (no license) maintained by Michael Raskin
 - pango-1.51.0 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Michael Raskin, Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - libmicrohttpd-0.9.71 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Rahul Gopinath, Franz Pletz
 - libcbor-unstable-2023-01-29 (mit) maintained by Will Dietz
 - attr-2.5.1 (gpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-HTML-Parser-3.81 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libSM-1.2.4 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libpng-apng-1.6.40 (libpng2) maintained by Vladimír Čunát
 - glib-2.78.3 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Jason O'Conal, Michael Raskin
 - gsettings-desktop-schemas-45.0 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - nettle-3.9.1 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Vladimír Čunát
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-Date-6.06 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libusb-1.0.26 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Pavol Rusnak, Ido Samuelson
 - libargon2-20190702 (asl20, cc0) maintained by Taeer Bar-Yam, Owen Lynch
 - brotli-1.1.0 (mit) maintained by freezeboy
 - glibc-2.38-27 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Maximilian Bosch, Connor Baker
 - libcap-ng-0.8.3 (lgpl21) maintained by nobody
 - libnftnl-1.2.6 (gpl2Plus) maintained by Franz Pletz, Andreas Schrägle, Janne Heß
 - libxcb-1.16 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - glibc-2.38-27 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Maximilian Bosch, Connor Baker
 - libpcap-1.10.4 (bsd3) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - libXt-1.3.0 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - publicsuffix-list-unstable-2023-02-16 (mpl20) maintained by Renaud
 - libepoxy-1.5.10 (mit) maintained by Cillian de Róiste
 - libX11-1.8.7 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - keyutils-1.6.3 (gpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libXcursor-1.2.1 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - fontconfig-2.14.2 (bsd2) maintained by Jan Tojnar
 - tzdata-2023d (bsd3, publicDomain) maintained by Andreas Schrägle, Franz Pletz
 - tpm2-tss-4.0.1 (bsd2) maintained by Arthur Gautier
 - libxkbcommon-1.5.0 (mit) maintained by Michael Weiss, Thomas Tuegel
 - bash-interactive-5.2-p21 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Will Dietz
 - sqlite-3.44.2 (publicDomain) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Nicolas Pouillard
 - perl5.38.2-XML-Parser-2.46 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-Daemon-6.16 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - getent-glibc-2.38-27 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libcap-2.69 (bsd3) maintained by nobody
 - xz-5.4.5 (gpl2Plus, lgpl21Plus) maintained by Sander van der Burg
 - perl5.38.2-Test-Needs-0.002010 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-File-Listing-6.16 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libdatrie-2019-12-20 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by 
 - readline-8.2p7 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Will Dietz
 - libXcomposite-0.4.6 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-IO-HTML-1.004 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - coreutils-9.4 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Janne Heß
 - dejavu-fonts-minimal-2.37 (free) maintained by nobody
 - glib-2.78.3 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Jason O'Conal, Michael Raskin
 - libpsl-0.21.2 (mit) maintained by Renaud
 - libgpg-error-1.47 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Rahul Gopinath
 - libnl-3.8.0 (lgpl21) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - openssl-3.0.12 (asl20) maintained by Markus Theil
 - pcre-8.45 (bsd3) maintained by 
 - perl5.38.2-Try-Tiny-0.31 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - libidn2-2.3.4 (lgpl3Plus, gpl2Plus, gpl3Plus) maintained by Franz Pletz
 - libtool-2.4.7 (gpl2Plus) maintained by 
 - p11-kit-0.25.3 (bsd3) maintained by nobody
 - harfbuzz-7.3.0 (mit) maintained by Eelco Dolstra
 - gnugrep-3.11 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Janne Heß, Moritz Lumme
 - zlib-1.3 (zlib) maintained by nobody
 - gnused-4.9 (gpl3Plus) maintained by Jörg Thalheim
 - libXdmcp-1.1.4 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libnfnetlink-1.0.2 (gpl2) maintained by nobody
 - libevent-2.1.12 (bsd3) maintained by nobody
 - libICE-1.1.1 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libmd-1.1.0 (bsd3, bsd2, isc, beerware, publicDomain) maintained by Michael Weiss
 - lvm2-2.03.22 (gpl2, bsd2, lgpl21) maintained by Michael Raskin, Andreas Schrägle, Janne Heß
 - lz4-1.9.4 (bsd2, gpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - glibc-2.38-27 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Maximilian Bosch, Connor Baker
 - libdaemon-0.14 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - elfutils-0.190 (gpl2Only, lgpl3Plus, gpl3Plus) maintained by Eelco Dolstra, Ryan Burns
 - libwebp-1.3.2 (bsd3) maintained by Andreas Schrägle
 - libXi-1.8.1 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - gobject-introspection-1.78.1 (gpl2, lgpl2) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey, Jason O'Conal, Artturi N
 - json-glib-1.8.0 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Bobby Rong, Tor Hedin Brønner, Jan Tojnar, Daniel Șerbănescu, Maxine Aubrey
 - xz-5.4.5 (gpl2Plus, lgpl21Plus) maintained by Sander van der Burg
 - tcb-1.2 (bsd3) maintained by Yurii Izorkin
 - pcre2-10.42 (bsd3) maintained by Thomas Tuegel
 - kexec-tools-2.0.26 (gpl2) maintained by nobody
 - kmod-31 (lgpl21Plus, gpl2Plus) maintained by Artturi N
 - libunwind-1.6.2 (mit) maintained by Orivej Desh
 - perl-5.38.2 (artistic1) maintained by Eelco Dolstra
 - libseccomp-2.5.5 (lgpl21Only) maintained by Austin Seipp
 - perl5.38.2-Encode-Locale-1.05 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-Test-RequiresInternet-0.05 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - ncurses-6.4 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - zstd-1.5.5 (bsd3) maintained by Orivej Desh
 - curl-8.4.0 (curl) maintained by Jason O'Conal
 - perl5.38.2-HTTP-Negotiate-6.01 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-libwww-perl-6.72 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - systemd-254.6 (lgpl21Plus) maintained by Florian Klink, Finn Behrens
 - popt-1.19 (mit) maintained by Alyssa Ross
 - kmod-31 (lgpl21Plus, gpl2Plus) maintained by Artturi N
 - libXinerama-1.1.5 (no license) maintained by nobody
 - libgcrypt-1.10.3 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by Rahul Gopinath
 - acl-2.3.1 (gpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libtasn1-4.19.0 (lgpl2Plus) maintained by nobody
 - perl5.38.2-HTML-Tagset-3.20 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - pcsclite-2.0.1 (bsd3) maintained by Anthony Roussel
 - libtiff-4.6.0 (libtiff) maintained by nobody
 - bzip2-1.0.8 (bsdOriginal) maintained by Jörg Thalheim
 - libbsd-unstable-2023-04-29 (beerware, bsd2, bsd3, bsdOriginal, isc, mit) maintained by Matthew Bauer
 - libkrb5-1.21.2 (mit) maintained by nobody
 - iso-codes-4.15.0 (lgpl21) maintained by nobody
 - fontconfig-2.14.2 (bsd2) maintained by Jan Tojnar
 - gzip-1.13 (gpl3Plus) maintained by nobody
 - linux-pam-1.5.2 (bsd3) maintained by nobody
 - libjpeg-turbo-2.1.5.1 (ijg) maintained by Vladimír Čunát, Cole Mickens, Kevin Amado
 - perl5.38.2-URI-5.21 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - dav1d-1.2.1 (bsd2) maintained by Michael Weiss
 - perl5.38.2-LWP-MediaTypes-6.04 (artistic1, gpl1Plus) maintained by nobody
 - libXau-1.0.11 (no license) maintained by nobody

Nix profiles

Switch to previous system profile

https://tldr.inbrowser.app/pages/linux/nixos-rebuild

sudo nixos-rebuild switch --rollback boot
sudo reboot

List system profiles

Not sure why 432 is marked as current. It is the default generation that gets activated on next boot. The currently active generation is, however, 429.

sudo nix-env --list-generations --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system

...
 428   2024-03-06 12:37:56   
 429   2024-03-07 11:27:20   
 430   2024-03-10 12:48:34   
 431   2024-03-11 11:18:57   
 432   2024-03-12 22:19:53   (current)

ls -l /nix/var/nix/profiles/

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Dez 14 12:21 default -> /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/profile
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16 Sep  1  2023 per-user
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mär 12 22:19 system -> system-432-link
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär  6 12:37 system-428-link -> /nix/store/damngdyial0i96xa46csdqk36j2njavi-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär  7 11:27 system-429-link -> /nix/store/k7c7576sz868gzjci1z6l6nzmdnpd6xr-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär 10 12:48 system-430-link -> /nix/store/7468m7rgk425kb23aq222a498ynfqdkc-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär 11 11:18 system-431-link -> /nix/store/r51yw36ddfxq8hdsz2mm6axpbqvjaigy-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär 12 22:19 system-432-link -> /nix/store/i9pxh3ax6m0yr7xlk7y7c5xdzp74xqi4-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git

The currently running system. This is the currently active generation. By comparing the store path with the above output, we see that it matches generation 429.

ls -l /run/current-system

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Mär  9 12:44 /run/current-system -> /nix/store/k7c7576sz868gzjci1z6l6nzmdnpd6xr-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git

Garbage collection - Keep most recent X system profiles

A NixOS config example is given in base.nix.

sudo nix-env --delete-generations +7 --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system

Garbage collection - Delete system profiles older than X days

A NixOS config example is given in base.nix.

Run manually for all profiles:

sudo nix-collect-garbage --delete-older-than 14d

Remove leftover EFI entries of removed generations:

sudo /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot

why-depends: Why is a package/dependency installed

Usage of why-depends: f952fc71c2/pages/common/nix3-why-depends.md

Show why the currently running NixOS system requires a certain store path.

  • Example: Why is one store path required.
nix --extra-experimental-features flakes --extra-experimental-features nix-command why-depends /run/current-system /nix/store/mzx8sgjkw7x2p9alq6cgz0vcdzaqz188-openssh-9.6p1

/nix/store/k7c7576sz868gzjci1z6l6nzmdnpd6xr-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
└───/nix/store/b9mbk3jvazblxfma5p2yvc9xlmvrqxx7-etc
    └───/nix/store/mzx8sgjkw7x2p9alq6cgz0vcdzaqz188-openssh-9.6p1
  • Example: Why are any of the ffmpeg-headless store paths currently required?
for i in /nix/store/*ffmpeg-headless-*; do
  env PAGER=cat nix --extra-experimental-features flakes --extra-experimental-features nix-command why-depends /run/current-system "$i" 2>/dev/null
done;

/nix/store/k7c7576sz868gzjci1z6l6nzmdnpd6xr-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
└───/nix/store/b9mbk3jvazblxfma5p2yvc9xlmvrqxx7-etc
    └───/nix/store/snva91gl7hlm0fsf5mg5k0prv8mwnhcv-pipewire-1.0.1
        └───/nix/store/jqlvhb8jfz43vkl14wsm88h6csmx8aia-ffmpeg-headless-6.0-lib
/nix/store/k7c7576sz868gzjci1z6l6nzmdnpd6xr-nixos-system-yodaTux-23.11pre-git
└───/nix/store/b9mbk3jvazblxfma5p2yvc9xlmvrqxx7-etc
    └───/nix/store/nhypp8f5h0xv9ar9wzbp12hzyg1vah1a-user-environment
        └───/nix/store/0df15gc1a4s98n961vdd2j1pkkckn901-resources-1.3.0
            └───/nix/store/f61vlw8ampb5nh25kvs9p7rbi3cclcr4-gtk4-4.12.5
                └───/nix/store/5r52pj0fj3b06r0qgglasfmqmsfh315q-gst-plugins-bad-1.22.9
                    └───/nix/store/dsdfn1k9hnxzdwvzirx2smfinziqc8bz-openal-soft-1.23.1
                        └───/nix/store/ci4z4i38d7akpi5fqcdr2nvd1sr30l3i-pipewire-1.0.3
                            └───/nix/store/rpnsg493xz3fjhfrlc3ifz2ln65kmi8q-ffmpeg-headless-6.1-lib
...

Compare two system profiles

Get latest system profile. This is the profile (usually) being active after booting the system:

ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1
#=> 120

Compare current with previous profile:

# https://discourse.nixos.org/t/how-to-know-what-nixpkgs-changes-affect-me/18142/6
prev="$(ls -r /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | grep -E 'system\-' | sed -n '2 p')"
curr=/nix/var/nix/profiles/system
nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${prev}" "${curr}"

# https://stackoverflow.com/a/36641298
prev="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 2 | head -n 1)"
curr="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1)"
nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${prev}" /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${curr}"

Compare two arbitrary system profiles:

nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-110-link /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-116-link

cpupower: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
element-desktop: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, +2218.9 KiB
element-web: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, -73.1 KiB
exempi: 2.6.3 → 2.6.4
firefox: 116.0.3 → 117.0
firefox-unwrapped: 116.0.3 → 117.0, -292.6 KiB
gnome-shell-extension-openweather: ∅ → 121, +590.5 KiB
hm_fontconfigconf.d10hmfonts.conf: ∅ → ε
initrd: ∅ → ε
initrd-linux: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
libcap: 2.68 → 2.69
linux: 6.1.47, 6.1.47-modules → 6.1.51, 6.1.51-modules, -11.8 KiB
meld: ∅ → 3.22.0, +3858.5 KiB
net-snmp: 5.9.3 → 5.9.4
nixos-system-yodaTab: 23.05.3085.2ab91c8d65c0 → 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf
openjdk: +19.5 KiB
python3.10-pygobject: +27.0 KiB
stage: ∅ → 1-init.sh, +29.5 KiB
tor-browser-bundle-bin: 12.5.2 → 12.5.3, +18.1 KiB
user: +2885.0 KiB

NixOS configuration debugging

Evaluating parts of the configuration.

First, start nix repl:

nix repl --file '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -I nixos-config=hosts/$(hostname)/configuration.nix

Example: config.home-manager

config.home-manager.
# Press `TAB`
#=> config.home-manager.backupFileExtension  config.home-manager.useUserPackages
#=> config.home-manager.extraSpecialArgs     config.home-manager.users
#=> config.home-manager.sharedModules        config.home-manager.verbose
#=> config.home-manager.useGlobalPkgs

Example: The home variable:

config.home-manager.users.yoda.home

Example: The value of one config option

# The following option is set to `"${config.xdg.dataHome}/.histfile";`
# where `config` is the Home Manager configuration.

config.home-manager.users.yoda.programs.zsh.history.path
#=> "/home/yoda/.local/share/.histfile"

Show Nix configuration

nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command show-config

Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON

See also section "NixOS Configuration Debugging"!

This evaluates configuration.nix (single module):

NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1 nix-instantiate --strict --json --eval -E '
import ./hosts/yodaTab/configuration.nix  {
  config = {};
  pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
  lib = import <nixpkgs/lib>;
}
' > evaluated-config.json

Then open evaluated-config.json.

Evaluate expressions in the context of a NixOS configuration managed with Colmena

https://colmena.cli.rs/unstable/reference/cli.html#colmena-eval

Either specify a file containing the expression or add it as argument with -E.

colmena eval -E '{ nodes, lib, pkgs, ... }: nodes.yodaTux.config.networking.hostName'

nix-shell -p jq
colmena eval -E '{ nodes, lib, pkgs, ... }: nodes.yodaTux.config.environment.systemPackages' | jq

colmena eval -E '{ nodes, lib, pkgs, ... }: pkgs.linux' 
#=> "/nix/store/6l9b3dly45iv2rp17hk5c3wvawaq0viy-linux-6.6.46"

Evaluate expressions

nix-instantiate --eval -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; vscode.version'
#=> "1.78.2"

Shell wrapper:

nix-eval() { nix-instantiate --eval -E "with import <nixpkgs> {}; ${*}"; }

Examples:

nix-eval 'vscode.version'
#=> "1.78.2"
nix-eval 'lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)'
#=> [ "1" "2" ]
nix-eval 'lib.head [1 2]'
#=> 1
nix-eval 'lib.head (
  lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)
)'
#=> "1"
nix-eval 'lib.head (
  lib.forEach [ {a=1;} {a=2;} ] (x: x.a)
)'
#=> 1
nix-eval 'lib.attrsets.mergeAttrsList [{a=1;} {b=2;}]'
#=> { a = 1; b = 2; }
nix-eval '{ a=1; }.b or 2'
#=> 2
nix-eval '{ a=false; }.a or true'
#=> false
nix-eval '{ a=1; }?a'
#=> true
nix-eval 'with lib.strings; concatMapStrings (x: " -a " + x + " -i 600") ["sda" "sdc"]'
#=> " -a sda -i 600 -a sdc -i 600"

Escape strings

Double-quoted strings (e.g. "foo bar"):

"  -> \"
\  -> \\
${ -> \${

Indented strings (e.g. ''foo bar''):

  • ${ -> ''${
  • '' -> '''

URIs can be written without quotes (e.g. http://example.org/foo.bar).

Run AppImages

# Note how your shell prefix changes.
nix-shell -p appimage-run

# Inside the shell, you can run an AppImage:
appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage

See the binfmt option to e.g. run AppImages of other processor architectures.

Audio troubleshooting - Realtek ALC898 Audio Codec on ASRock Z77 Extreme 4

TODO: I couldn't get the onboard audio to work.

aplay -L

null
    Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)
pipewire
    PipeWire Sound Server
default
    Default ALSA Output (currently PipeWire Media Server)
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=0
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 0 *
    HDMI Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=1
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 1
    HDMI Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=2
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 2
    HDMI Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 3
    HDMI Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=4
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 4
    HDMI Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=5
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 5
    HDMI Audio Output

cat /proc/asound/cards

 0 [HDMI           ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
                      HDA ATI HDMI at 0xf7b60000 irq 40

lspci -vnn | grep -A1 -i audio

00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04)
        Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Z77 Extreme4 motherboard [1849:1898]
--
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Tahiti HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7870 XT / 7950/7970] [1002:aaa0]
        Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Tahiti HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7870 XT / 7950/7970] [1002:aaa0]
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 40

sudo lspci -vnn

00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04)
        Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Z77 Extreme4 motherboard [1849:1898]
        Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 22
        Memory at f7c10000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2
        Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
        Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
        Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
        Capabilities: [130] Root Complex Link
        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel

Graphic drivers

Usually most of this should work out of the box on NixOS.

Vulkan:

  • Verification:
    • If vulkaninfo returns information about your GPU, Vulkan is working. https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Vulkan#Verification
    • Run vkcube (X11) or vkcube-wayland (Wayland). It should view a spinning 3D cube and output e.g. Selected GPU 0: AMD Radeon Graphics (RADV RENOIR)

OpenGL:

Video acceleration:

Verify video driver in use:

  • lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display'. Example: Kernel driver in use: amdgpu

Verification in general:

  • Encode a video or play a game and watch AMD GPU usage with radeontop.

Configuration example to disable integrated GUP: See ./hosts/yodaGaming/configuration.nix

Configuration example for an AMD GPU (https://github.com/tolgaerok/nixos-kde/blob/main/core/gpu/amd/default.nix): See ./modules/gpu-amd.nix

XDG mimes, desktop files

Desktop files:

  • /run/current-system/sw/share/applications
  • /etc/profiles/per-user/yoda/share/applications/

Both above sub-paths are part of the XDG_DATA_DIRS variable:

  • echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS | grep /run/current-system/sw/share
  • echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS | grep /etc/profiles/per-user/yoda/share

List default apps and the associated handlers:

handlr list

┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ application/octet-stream       │ thunderbird.desktop                     │
│ ...                            │                                         │
│ x-scheme-handler/sgnl          │ signal-desktop.desktop                  │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────┘

Set default handler for mime/extension:

handlr set text/html re.sonny.Junction.desktop

Open any URI with handlr:

handlr open https://wikipedia.org

Open any URI with gio, part of glib:

gio open https://wikipedia.org

Further examples:

xdg-settings get default-web-browser
#=> re.sonny.Junction.desktop
xdg-mime query default x-scheme-handler/http and x-scheme-handler/https
#=> re.sonny.Junction.desktop
xdg-mime query default text/html
#=> firefox.desktop

Additional resources

Nix Pills

It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short chapters called 'pills'.

Papers

Papers about Nix: