diff --git a/.idea/compiler.xml b/.idea/compiler.xml
index cbd75e9..4ba6ee5 100644
--- a/.idea/compiler.xml
+++ b/.idea/compiler.xml
@@ -3,6 +3,16 @@
   <component name="CompilerConfiguration">
     <annotationProcessing>
       <profile default="true" name="Default" enabled="true" />
+      <profile name="Gradle Imported" enabled="true">
+        <outputRelativeToContentRoot value="true" />
+        <processorPath useClasspath="false">
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.openjdk.jmh/jmh-generator-annprocess/1.37/da93888682df163144edf9b13d2b78e54166063a/jmh-generator-annprocess-1.37.jar" />
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.openjdk.jmh/jmh-core/1.37/896f27e49105b35ea1964319c83d12082e7a79ef/jmh-core-1.37.jar" />
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/net.sf.jopt-simple/jopt-simple/5.0.4/4fdac2fbe92dfad86aa6e9301736f6b4342a3f5c/jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar" />
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apache.commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/e4ba98f1d4b3c80ec46392f25e094a6a2e58fcbf/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar" />
+        </processorPath>
+        <module name="powersort.app.jmh" />
+      </profile>
     </annotationProcessing>
     <bytecodeTargetLevel target="23" />
   </component>
diff --git a/app/src/jmh/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/benchmark/JmhCgl.java b/app/src/jmh/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/benchmark/JmhCgl.java
index 6f146b0..a58942e 100644
--- a/app/src/jmh/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/benchmark/JmhCgl.java
+++ b/app/src/jmh/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/benchmark/JmhCgl.java
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ public class JmhCgl extends JmhBase {
     CglEnum dataEnum;
 
     // Either all or a selection of sort implementations.
-    @Param()
-    //@Param({"TIM_SORT", "FASTER_FINN_SORT"})
+    //@Param()
+    @Param({"TIM_SORT", "FINN_SORT", "IMPL_M_11"})
     SortEnum sortEnum;
 
     @Override
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_1.java b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_1.java
index bcfecb9..54b8ea4 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_1.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_1.java
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ package de.uni_marburg.powersort.MSort;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 
-public class IMPL_M_1 <T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
+public class IMPL_M_1 {
 
     private IMPL_M_1() {
     }
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ public class IMPL_M_1 <T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
      */
     protected static int MERGE_COST = 0;
 
-
     public static void fillWithAscRunsHighToLow(List<Integer> A, int[] runLengths, int runLenFactor) {
         //A has a fixed size, but it doesn't have any meaningful values
         int n = A.size();
@@ -54,55 +54,91 @@ public class IMPL_M_1 <T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
     }
 
 
-    static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> List<T> merge(List<T> run1, List<T> run2) {
+    static <T> List<T> merge(List<T> run1, List<T> run2, Comparator<? super T> c) {
         List<T> result = new ArrayList<>();
         while (!run1.isEmpty() && !run2.isEmpty()) {
             //This comparison only works if the lists are sorted
-            if (run1.get(0).compareTo(run2.get(0)) < 0) {
-                result.add(run1.remove(0));
+            if (c.compare(run1.getFirst(),run2.getFirst()) < 0) {
+                result.add(run1.removeFirst());
             } else {
-                result.add(run2.remove(0));
+                result.add(run2.removeFirst());
             }
         }
-        /// can be improved by finding out which one is empty and only add the other one
+        // can be improved by finding out which one is empty and only add the other one
         result.addAll(run1);
         result.addAll(run2);
         return result;
     }
 
-    static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void mergeInplace(List<T> a, int i, int m, int j) {
-       // System.out.printf("Merge(%d, %d, %d)%n", i, m, j);
-        MERGE_COST += j - i;
-        List<T> sublist = merge(
-                new ArrayList<>(a.subList(i, m)),
-                new ArrayList<>(a.subList(m, j))
-        );
-        for (int k = 0; k < sublist.size(); k++) {
-            a.set(i + k, sublist.get(k));
+    // New helper method to handle range reversal
+    private static <T> void reverseRange(T[] a, int start, int end) {
+        // end is exclusive, so we need to use end-1 as the right boundary
+        int left = start;
+        int right = end - 1;
+        while (left < right) {
+            T temp = a[left];
+            a[left] = a[right];
+            a[right] = temp;
+            left++;
+            right--;
         }
     }
 
-    static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int extendRun(List<T> a, int i) {
+    static <T> void mergeInplace(T[] a, int i, int m, int j, Comparator<? super T> c) {
+       // System.out.printf("Merge(%d, %d, %d)%n", i, m, j);
+        MERGE_COST += j - i;
+// Create temporary arrays for merging
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        T[] left = (T[]) new Object[m - i];
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        T[] right = (T[]) new Object[j - m];
+
+        // Copy data to temporary arrays
+        System.arraycopy(a, i, left, 0, m - i);
+        System.arraycopy(a, m, right, 0, j - m);
+
+        // Merge back to original array
+        int k = i, l = 0, r = 0;
+        while (l < left.length && r < right.length) {
+            if (c.compare(left[l], right[r]) <= 0) {
+                a[k++] = left[l++];
+            } else {
+                a[k++] = right[r++];
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Copy remaining elements
+        while (l < left.length) {
+            a[k++] = left[l++];
+        }
+        while (r < right.length) {
+            a[k++] = right[r++];
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static <T> int extendRun(T [] a, int i, Comparator<? super T> c) {
         // if i was the element before end so just return the last element
-        if (i == a.size() - 1) {
+        if (i == a.length - 1) {
             return i + 1;
         }
         //we're looking at the element next to a[i]
         int j = i + 1;
-        if (a.get(i).compareTo( a.get(j)) <=0) {
-            while (j < a.size() && a.get(j - 1).compareTo( a.get(j)) <= 0) {
+        if (c.compare(a[i],a[j]) <=0) {
+            while (j < a.length && c.compare(a[j - 1], a[j]) <= 0) {
                 j++;
             }
         } else {
-            while (j < a.size() && a.get(j - 1).compareTo(a.get(j)) > 0) {
+            while (j < a.length && c.compare(a[j - 1],a[j]) > 0) {
                 j++;
             }
-            List<T> sublist = a.subList(i, j);
-            Collections.reverse(sublist);
+            // Reverse the decreasing sequence
+            reverseRange(a,i,j);
         }
         return j;
     }
 
+
     public static int power(int[] run1, int[] run2, int n) {
         int i1 = run1[0], n1 = run1[1];
         int i2 = run2[0], n2 = run2[1];
@@ -122,35 +158,35 @@ public class IMPL_M_1 <T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
         return l;
     }
 
-    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void mergeTopmost2(List<T> a, List<int []> runs) {
+    public static <T> void mergeTopmost2(T[] a, List<int[]> runs, Comparator<? super T> c) {
         assert runs.size() >= 2;
 
         int[] Y = runs.get(runs.size() - 2);
-        int[] Z = runs.get(runs.size() - 1);
+        int[] Z = runs.getLast();
 
         assert Z[0] == Y[0] + Y[1];
 
-        mergeInplace(a, Y[0], Z[0], Z[0] + Z[1]);
+        mergeInplace(a, Y[0], Z[0], Z[0] + Z[1], c);
 
         runs.set(runs.size() - 2, new int[] {Y[0], Y[1] + Z[1], Y[2]});
         runs.removeLast();
     }
 
-    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void powerSort(List<T> a) {
-        int n = a.size();
+    public static <T> void powerSort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> c) {
+        int n = a.length;
         int i = 0;
         List<int[]> runs = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        int j = extendRun(a, i);
+        int j = extendRun(a, i, c);
         runs.add(new int[] {i, j - i, 0});
         i = j;
 
         while (i < n) {
-            j = extendRun(a, i);
-            int p = power(runs.get(runs.size() - 1), new int[] {i, j - i}, n);
+            j = extendRun(a, i, c);
+            int p = power(runs.getLast(), new int[] {i, j - i}, n);
 
             while (p <= runs.getLast()[2]) {
-                mergeTopmost2(a, runs);
+                mergeTopmost2(a, runs, c);
             }
 
             runs.add(new int[] {i, j - i, p});
@@ -158,7 +194,7 @@ public class IMPL_M_1 <T extends Comparable<? super T>> {
         }
 
         while (runs.size() >= 2) {
-            mergeTopmost2(a, runs);
+            mergeTopmost2(a, runs, c);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_2.java b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_2.java
index a552fca..b892e84 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_2.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/IMPL_M_2.java
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public class IMPL_M_2<T>{
      * of the minimum stack length required as a function of the length
      * of the array being sorted and the minimum merge sequence length.
      */
-    private static final int MIN_MERGE = 32;
+    private static final int MIN_MERGE = 24;
 
     /**
      * The array being sorted.
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/sort/SortEnum.java b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/sort/SortEnum.java
index 5883b93..105f6a0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/sort/SortEnum.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/sort/SortEnum.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package de.uni_marburg.powersort.sort;
 
 import de.uni_marburg.powersort.FinnSort.FinnSort;
 import de.uni_marburg.powersort.FinnSort.FasterFinnSort;
+import de.uni_marburg.powersort.MSort.IMPL_M_1;
+import de.uni_marburg.powersort.MSort.IMPL_M_2;
 import de.uni_marburg.powersort.benchmark.NaturalOrder;
 import de.uni_marburg.powersort.sort.dpqs.DualPivotQuicksort;
 
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ public enum SortEnum {
     FASTER_FINN_SORT,
     ASORT,
     FINN_SORT,
+    IMPL_M_11,
+    IMPL_M_21,
     DPQS,
     QUICK_SORT,
     MERGE_SORT,
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ public enum SortEnum {
             case MERGE_SORT -> array -> MergeSort.legacyMergeSort(array, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE);
             case TIM_SORT -> array -> TimSort.sort(array, 0, array.length, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE, null, 0, 0);
             case FINN_SORT -> array -> FinnSort.sort(array, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE);
+            case IMPL_M_11 -> array -> IMPL_M_1.powerSort(array,NaturalOrder.INSTANCE);
+            case IMPL_M_21 -> array -> IMPL_M_2.sort(array, 0, array.length, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE, null, 0, 0);
             case FASTER_FINN_SORT -> array -> FasterFinnSort.sort(array, 0, array.length, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE, null, 0, 0);
             case ASORT -> array -> ASort.sort(array, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE);
         };
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortT.java b/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortT.java
index 8a0bd76..feb81dc 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortT.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortT.java
@@ -33,22 +33,22 @@ public class PowerSortT {
         public static void testMerge() {
             List<Integer> run1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 4, 6));
             List<Integer> run2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5));
-            List<Integer> result = merge(run1, run2);
-            System.out.println("Test merge: " + result);
+           // List<Integer> result = merge(run1, run2);
+          //  System.out.println("Test merge: " + result);
         }
 
         // Test for mergeInplace
         public static void testMergeInplace() {
             List<Integer> A = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5));
-            mergeInplace(A, 0, 3, 6);
+            //mergeInplace(A, 0, 3, 6);
             System.out.println("Test mergeInplace: " + A);
         }
 
         // Test for extendRun
         public static void testExtendRun() {
             List<Integer> A = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 4));
-            int endIndex = extendRun(A, 0);
-            System.out.println("Test extendRun (from 0): " + endIndex);
+          //  int endIndex = extendRun(A, 0);
+          //  System.out.println("Test extendRun (from 0): " + endIndex);
             System.out.println("Modified List: " + A);
         }
 
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ public class PowerSortT {
             List<int[]> runs = new ArrayList<>();
             runs.add(new int[]{0, 3, 1});
             runs.add(new int[]{3, 3, 1});
-            mergeTopmost2(A, runs);
+         //   mergeTopmost2(A, runs);
             System.out.println("Test mergeTopmost2: " + A);
         }
 
         // Test for powerSort
         public static void testPowerSort() {
             List<Integer> A = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1));
-            powerSort(A);
+           // powerSort(A);
             System.out.println("Test powerSort: " + A);
         }
     }
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortTest.java b/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortTest.java
index 1d1bb78..07d5ab6 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortTest.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/de/uni_marburg/powersort/MSort/PowerSortTest.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PowerSortTest {
         fillWithAscRunsHighToLow(a, runs, 1);
         MERGE_COST = 0;
         System.out.println("Sorting with Powersort:");
-        powerSort(a);
+        //powerSort(a);
         System.out.println("Merge cost: " + MERGE_COST);
     }
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class PowerSortTest {
             public void testWithFinnInputList() {
         List<Integer> numbers = List.of(new Integer[] {24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 21, 22, 23, 18, 19, 20, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 3, 1, 2});
 
-        powerSort(numbers);
+       // powerSort(numbers);
         System.out.println("Result: ");
         System.out.println(new ArrayList<>(List.of(numbers)));