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docs: refactor README and NixOS.md
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NixOS.md
140
NixOS.md
@ -2,26 +2,130 @@
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This document contains general notes about NixOS that are independent of my NixOS configuration.
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## Table of Contents
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<!-- TOC -->
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* [NixOS](#nixos)
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* [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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* [Misc](#misc)
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* [niv: Dependency management](#niv-dependency-management)
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* [Add Home Manager with niv](#add-home-manager-with-niv)
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* [Add NUR with niv](#add-nur-with-niv)
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* [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection)
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* [System information](#system-information)
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* [Search for packages](#search-for-packages)
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* [Search for options](#search-for-options)
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* [Search which package owns a file](#search-which-package-owns-a-file)
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* [List files of package](#list-files-of-package)
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* [Compare two versions of NixOS system profile](#compare-two-versions-of-nixos-system-profile)
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* [NixOS configuration debugging](#nixos-configuration-debugging)
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* [Show Nix configuration](#show-nix-configuration)
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* [Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON](#evaluate-nixos-configuration-to-json)
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* [Evaluate expressions](#evaluate-expressions)
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* [Escape strings](#escape-strings)
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* [Run AppImages](#run-appimages)
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* [Additional resources](#additional-resources)
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* [Nix Pills](#nix-pills)
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* [Papers](#papers)
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<!-- TOC -->
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## Misc
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* There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
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* Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226010942/http://www.linux.com/feature/155922) December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008
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## Nix Pills
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## niv: Dependency management
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* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
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* https://nix.dev/tutorials/first-steps/towards-reproducibility-pinning-nixpkgs#dependency-management-with-niv
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It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
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chapters called 'pills'.
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niv:
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## Papers
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> Easy dependency management for Nix projects.
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>
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> Nix is a very powerful tool for building code and setting up environments. niv complements it by making it easy to
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> describe and update remote dependencies (URLs, GitHub repos, etc). It is a simple, practical alternative to Nix
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> flakes.
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>
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> https://github.com/nmattia/niv
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Papers about Nix:
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> Niv is an easy dependency management for Nix projects with package pinning.
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>
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> https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide
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* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
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* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
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* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
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* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
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Initialize:
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```shell
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niv init
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```
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Change the tracking branch of nixpkgs from unstable to 23.05:
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```shell
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niv modify nixpkgs --branch nixos-23.05
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```
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Add nixpkgs unstable:
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```shell
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niv add NixOS/nixpkgs -n unstable -b nixpkgs-unstable
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```
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### Add Home Manager with niv
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Home Manager:
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> [Home Manager] allows declarative configuration of user specific (non-global) packages and dotfiles.
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>
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> To avoid breaking users' configurations, Home Manager is released in branches corresponding to NixOS releases (
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> e.g. `release-23.05`).
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>
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> Home Manager provides both the channel-based setup and the flake-based one.
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>
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> https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager
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Check your channel:
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```shell
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sudo nix-channel --list
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#=> nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-23.05
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```
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Use the corresponding branch:
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```shell
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niv add nix-community/home-manager -n home-manager -b release-23.05
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```
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### Add NUR with niv
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> The Nix User Repository (NUR) is community-driven meta repository for Nix packages.
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>
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> ... packages are built from source and are not reviewed by any Nixpkgs member.
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>
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> https://github.com/nix-community/NUR
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```shell
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niv add nix-community/NUR -n NUR
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```
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## Garbage collection
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* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/garbage-collection.html
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/why-doesnt-nix-collect-garbage-remove-old-generations-from-efi-menu/17592/4
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This is automated in [base.nix](modules/base.nix) with the `nix.gc` option.
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Run manually for all profiles:
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```shell
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sudo nix-collect-garbage --delete-older-than 14d
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```
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Remove leftover EFI entries of removed generations:
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```shell
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sudo /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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```
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## System information
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@ -280,3 +384,19 @@ appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage
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* Nix data types. https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/values
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* MkIfElse. https://discourse.nixos.org/t/mkif-vs-if-then/28521/4?u=langfingaz
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* Nix language basics - a one pager. https://github.com/tazjin/nix-1p#nix---a-one-pager
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### Nix Pills
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* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
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It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
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chapters called 'pills'.
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### Papers
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Papers about Nix:
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* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
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* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
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* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
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* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
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119
README.md
119
README.md
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ See also:
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* [ISO](#iso)
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* [Default configuration](#default-configuration)
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* [Apply modified configuration](#apply-modified-configuration)
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* [ARM device: Vanilla UEFI boot loader for the Raspberry Pi 3B+](#arm-device-vanilla-uefi-boot-loader-for-the-raspberry-pi-3b)
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* [ARM device: Vanilla UEFI bootloader for the Raspberry Pi 3B+](#arm-device-vanilla-uefi-bootloader-for-the-raspberry-pi-3b)
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* [Update, build and switch](#update-build-and-switch)
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* [Update](#update)
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* [Build and switch: Using Colmena](#build-and-switch-using-colmena)
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@ -26,16 +26,11 @@ See also:
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* [Option I: Build new config and activate it:](#option-i-build-new-config-and-activate-it)
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* [Option II: Build new config and activate it during next boot:](#option-ii-build-new-config-and-activate-it-during-next-boot)
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* [Option III: Build config and view changes:](#option-iii-build-config-and-view-changes)
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* [niv: Dependency management](#niv-dependency-management)
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* [Add Home Manager with niv](#add-home-manager-with-niv)
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* [Add NUR with niv](#add-nur-with-niv)
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* [Colmena: Deployment and secret management](#colmena-deployment-and-secret-management)
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* [BTRFS swap file](#btrfs-swap-file)
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* [BTRFS CoW](#btrfs-cow)
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* [LUKS Parameters](#luks-parameters)
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* [Automount encrypted drive](#automount-encrypted-drive)
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* [Failed services](#failed-services)
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* [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection)
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* [List failed services](#list-failed-services)
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<!-- TOC -->
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## NixOS installation
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@ -230,80 +225,6 @@ sudo ./result/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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Note: The Perl script executed by both above commands _should_ create a new bootloader menu entry and mark it as default. However, if I remember correctly, the menu entry was once missing and the configuration change thus not permanent. This might need further testing. See also: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nixos-rebuild#Internals
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## niv: Dependency management
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* https://nix.dev/tutorials/first-steps/towards-reproducibility-pinning-nixpkgs#dependency-management-with-niv
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niv:
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> Easy dependency management for Nix projects.
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>
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> Nix is a very powerful tool for building code and setting up environments. niv complements it by making it easy to
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> describe and update remote dependencies (URLs, GitHub repos, etc). It is a simple, practical alternative to Nix
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> flakes.
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>
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> https://github.com/nmattia/niv
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> Niv is an easy dependency management for Nix projects with package pinning.
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>
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> https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide
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Initialize:
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```shell
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niv init
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```
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Change the tracking branch of nixpkgs from unstable to 23.05:
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```shell
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niv modify nixpkgs --branch nixos-23.05
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```
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Add nixpkgs unstable:
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```shell
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niv add NixOS/nixpkgs -n unstable -b nixpkgs-unstable
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```
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### Add Home Manager with niv
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Home Manager:
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> [Home Manager] allows declarative configuration of user specific (non-global) packages and dotfiles.
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>
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> To avoid breaking users' configurations, Home Manager is released in branches corresponding to NixOS releases (
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> e.g. `release-23.05`).
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>
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> Home Manager provides both the channel-based setup and the flake-based one.
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>
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> https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager
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Check your channel:
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```shell
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sudo nix-channel --list
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#=> nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-23.05
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```
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Use the corresponding branch:
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```shell
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niv add nix-community/home-manager -n home-manager -b release-23.05
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```
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### Add NUR with niv
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> The Nix User Repository (NUR) is community-driven meta repository for Nix packages.
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>
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> ... packages are built from source and are not reviewed by any Nixpkgs member.
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>
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> https://github.com/nix-community/NUR
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```shell
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niv add nix-community/NUR -n NUR
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```
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## Colmena: Deployment and secret management
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* https://github.com/zhaofengli/colmena#colmena
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@ -326,8 +247,8 @@ Apply to all non-local nodes:
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colmena apply --on @server switch
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#colmena apply --on @server boot
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#colmena apply --on @yodaTab switch
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#colmena apply --on @yodaTab boot
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#colmena apply --on remoteTab switch
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#colmena apply --on remoteTab boot
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```
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Apply to local node:
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@ -377,14 +298,6 @@ sudo chattr +C /var/log
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Note from Arch wiki:
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> If the 'C' flag is set on a directory, it will have no effect on the directory, but new files created in that directory will have the No_COW attribute.
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## LUKS Parameters
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**Warning**: NixOS has a hardcoded timeout of 10 seconds when opening encrypted drives during boot. Please choose `--iter-time` <= `7500`.
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* https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/ed2ccd4d1748e52d5d28c440d5be4b25a4f21c08/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix#L498
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* https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/ed2ccd4d1748e52d5d28c440d5be4b25a4f21c08/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix#L30
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* https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/ed2ccd4d1748e52d5d28c440d5be4b25a4f21c08/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix#L36C7-L36C7
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## Automount encrypted drive
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* Use the same password for all attached LUKS devices to be only prompted once while booting
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@ -399,29 +312,11 @@ sudo nixos-generate-config --dir hosts/$(hostname)
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* If it is an SSD, enable `boot.initrd.luks.devices.<name>.allowDiscards`
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## Failed services
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## List failed services
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If there are e.g. file conflicts due to preexisting dotfiles, the Home Manager user service might fail. To list all failed services, run:
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If there are e.g. file conflicts due to preexisting dotfiles, the Home Manager user service might fail.
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To list all failed services, run:
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```shell
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systemctl --failed
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```
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## Garbage collection
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* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/package-management/garbage-collection.html
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/why-doesnt-nix-collect-garbage-remove-old-generations-from-efi-menu/17592/4
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This is automated in [base.nix](modules/base.nix) with the `nix.gc` option.
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Run manually for all profiles:
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```shell
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sudo nix-collect-garbage --delete-older-than 14d
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```
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Remove leftover EFI entries of removed generations:
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```shell
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sudo /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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```
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