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NixOS.md
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252
NixOS.md
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@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
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# NixOS
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This document contains general notes about NixOS that are independent of my NixOS configuration.
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## Misc
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* There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
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* Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226010942/http://www.linux.com/feature/155922) December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008
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## Nix Pills
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* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
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It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
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chapters called 'pills'.
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## Papers
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|
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Papers about Nix:
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* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
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* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
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* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
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* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
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## System information
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```shell
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nix-info -m
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```
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```
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- system: `"x86_64-linux"`
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- host os: `Linux 6.1.51, NixOS, 23.05 (Stoat), 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf`
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- multi-user?: `yes`
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- sandbox: `yes`
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- version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.13.5`
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- channels(root): `"nixos-23.05"`
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- nixpkgs: `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos`
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```
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## Search for packages
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* https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=23.05
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## Search for options
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* https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=23.05
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* Or `man configuration.nix`
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* https://mipmip.github.io/home-manager-option-search
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* Or `man home-configuration.nix`
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## Search which package owns a file
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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nix-shell -p nix-index
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```
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```shell
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# Either build the index manually (requires >12GB RAM):
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nix-index
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# Or download weekly build:
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mkdir -p ~/.cache/nix-index/ && wget -q -N https://github.com/nix-community/nix-index-database/releases/latest/download/index-x86_64-linux -O ~/.cache/nix-index/files
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# Then search for a file
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nix-locate --whole-name '/bash'
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```
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## List files of package
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/list-files-of-package/25830/2?u=langfingaz
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Example for `nano`:
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```shell
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find $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A nano --no-link)
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```
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Excerpt of the result:
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```
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/asm.nanorc
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/autoconf.nanorc
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```
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## Compare two versions of NixOS system profile
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Get latest system profile. This is the profile (usually) being active after booting the system:
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```shell
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ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1
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#=> 120
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```
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Compare current with previous profile:
|
||||
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```shell
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# https://stackoverflow.com/a/36641298
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prev="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 2 | head -n 1)"
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curr="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1)"
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${prev}" /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${curr}"
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```
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Compare two arbitrary system profiles:
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```shell
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-110-link /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-116-link
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```
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```
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cpupower: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
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element-desktop: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, +2218.9 KiB
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element-web: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, -73.1 KiB
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exempi: 2.6.3 → 2.6.4
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firefox: 116.0.3 → 117.0
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firefox-unwrapped: 116.0.3 → 117.0, -292.6 KiB
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gnome-shell-extension-openweather: ∅ → 121, +590.5 KiB
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hm_fontconfigconf.d10hmfonts.conf: ∅ → ε
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initrd: ∅ → ε
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initrd-linux: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
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libcap: 2.68 → 2.69
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linux: 6.1.47, 6.1.47-modules → 6.1.51, 6.1.51-modules, -11.8 KiB
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meld: ∅ → 3.22.0, +3858.5 KiB
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net-snmp: 5.9.3 → 5.9.4
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nixos-system-yodaTab: 23.05.3085.2ab91c8d65c0 → 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf
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openjdk: +19.5 KiB
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python3.10-pygobject: +27.0 KiB
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stage: ∅ → 1-init.sh, +29.5 KiB
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tor-browser-bundle-bin: 12.5.2 → 12.5.3, +18.1 KiB
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user: +2885.0 KiB
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```
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## NixOS configuration debugging
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nix_command/repl
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Evaluating parts of the configuration.
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First, start `nix repl`:
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```shell
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nix repl --file '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -I nixos-config=hosts/$(hostname)/configuration.nix
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```
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Example: `config.home-manager`
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```shell
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config.home-manager.
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# Press `TAB`
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#=> config.home-manager.backupFileExtension config.home-manager.useUserPackages
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#=> config.home-manager.extraSpecialArgs config.home-manager.users
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#=> config.home-manager.sharedModules config.home-manager.verbose
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#=> config.home-manager.useGlobalPkgs
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```
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Example: The `home` variable:
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```shell
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config.home-manager.users.yoda.home
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```
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Example: The value of one config option
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```shell
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# The following option is set to `"${config.xdg.dataHome}/.histfile";`
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# where `config` is the Home Manager configuration.
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config.home-manager.users.yoda.programs.zsh.history.path
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#=> "/home/yoda/.local/share/.histfile"
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```
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## Show Nix configuration
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* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-show-config.html
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```shell
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command show-config
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```
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## Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON
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See also section "NixOS Configuration Debugging"!
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/can-i-run-nix-instantiate-eval-strict-on-my-configuration-nix/7105/4
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This evaluates `configuration.nix` (single module):
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```shell
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NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1 nix-instantiate --strict --json --eval -E '
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import ./hosts/yodaTab/configuration.nix {
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config = {};
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pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
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lib = import <nixpkgs/lib>;
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}
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' > evaluated-config.json
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```
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Then open `evaluated-config.json`.
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## Evaluate expressions
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/eval-nix-expression-from-the-command-line/8993/6
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```shell
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nix-instantiate --eval -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; vscode.version'
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#=> "1.78.2"
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```
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Shell wrapper:
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```shell
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nix-eval() { nix-instantiate --eval -E "with import <nixpkgs> {}; ${*}"; }
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```
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Examples:
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```shell
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nix-eval 'vscode.version'
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#=> "1.78.2"
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nix-eval 'lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)'
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#=> [ "1" "2" ]
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nix-eval 'lib.head [1 2]'
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#=> 1
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nix-eval 'lib.head (
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lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)
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)'
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#=> "1"
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nix-eval 'lib.head (
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lib.forEach [ {a=1;} {a=2;} ] (x: x.a)
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)'
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#=> 1
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nix-eval 'lib.attrsets.mergeAttrsList [{a=1;} {b=2;}]'
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#=> { a = 1; b = 2; }
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nix-eval '{ a=1; }.b or 2'
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#=> 2
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nix-eval '{ a=false; }.a or true'
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#=> false
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nix-eval '{ a=1; }?a'
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#=> true
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```
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## Run AppImages
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||||
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Appimage
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|
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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||||
nix-shell -p appimage-run
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```
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```shell
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# Inside the shell, you can run an AppImage:
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appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage
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```
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277
README.md
277
README.md
@ -1,46 +1,10 @@
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# NixOS
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# nix-git
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- [NixOS](#nixos)
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- [NixOS installation](#nixos-installation)
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- [Graphical installation](#graphical-installation)
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- [Remote installation: disko and nixos-anywhere](#remote-installation-disko-and-nixos-anywhere)
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- [ARM device: SD image for the Raspberry Pi 3B+](#arm-device-sd-image-for-the-raspberry-pi-3b)
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- [ISO](#iso)
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- [Default configuration](#default-configuration)
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- [Apply modified configuration](#apply-modified-configuration)
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- [ARM device: Vanilla UEFI boot loader for the Raspberry Pi 3B+](#arm-device-vanilla-uefi-boot-loader-for-the-raspberry-pi-3b)
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- [Update, build and switch](#update-build-and-switch)
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- [Update](#update)
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- [Build and switch: Using Colmena](#build-and-switch-using-colmena)
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- [Build and switch: Manually](#build-and-switch-manually)
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- [Option I: Build new config and activate it:](#option-i-build-new-config-and-activate-it)
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- [Option II: Build new config and activate it during next boot:](#option-ii-build-new-config-and-activate-it-during-next-boot)
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- [Option III: Build config and view changes:](#option-iii-build-config-and-view-changes)
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- [niv: Dependency management](#niv-dependency-management)
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- [Add Home Manager with niv](#add-home-manager-with-niv)
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- [Add NUR with niv](#add-nur-with-niv)
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- [Colmena: Deployment and secret management](#colmena-deployment-and-secret-management)
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- [BTRFS swap file](#btrfs-swap-file)
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- [LUKS Parameters](#luks-parameters)
|
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- [Automount encrypted drive](#automount-encrypted-drive)
|
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- [Failed services](#failed-services)
|
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- [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection)
|
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- [Run AppImages](#run-appimages)
|
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- [General Notes](#general-notes)
|
||||
- [Nix Pills](#nix-pills)
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- [Papers](#papers)
|
||||
- [System information](#system-information)
|
||||
- [Search for packages](#search-for-packages)
|
||||
- [Search for options](#search-for-options)
|
||||
- [Search wich package owns a file](#search-wich-package-owns-a-file)
|
||||
- [List files of package](#list-files-of-package)
|
||||
- [Compare two versions of NixOS system profile](#compare-two-versions-of-nixos-system-profile)
|
||||
- [NixOS configuration debugging](#nixos-configuration-debugging)
|
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- [Show Nix configuration](#show-nix-configuration)
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- [Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON](#evaluate-nixos-configuration-to-json)
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- [References](#references)
|
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- [TODOs](#todos)
|
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This repository contains my NixOS configuration files with some guidance on how to use them.
|
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|
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See also:
|
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- [TODO.md](./TODO.md)
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- [NixOS.md](./NixOS.md)
|
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## NixOS installation
|
||||
|
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@ -408,234 +372,9 @@ Remove leftover EFI entries of removed generations:
|
||||
sudo /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Run AppImages
|
||||
|
||||
* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Appimage
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Note how your shell prefix changes.
|
||||
nix-shell -p appimage-run
|
||||
```
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Inside the shell, you can run an AppImage:
|
||||
appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
* There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
|
||||
* Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226010942/http://www.linux.com/feature/155922) December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008
|
||||
|
||||
### Nix Pills
|
||||
|
||||
* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
|
||||
|
||||
It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
|
||||
chapters called 'pills'.
|
||||
|
||||
### Papers
|
||||
|
||||
Papers about Nix:
|
||||
|
||||
* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
|
||||
* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
|
||||
* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
|
||||
* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
### System information
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
nix-info -m
|
||||
```
|
||||
```
|
||||
- system: `"x86_64-linux"`
|
||||
- host os: `Linux 6.1.51, NixOS, 23.05 (Stoat), 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf`
|
||||
- multi-user?: `yes`
|
||||
- sandbox: `yes`
|
||||
- version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.13.5`
|
||||
- channels(root): `"nixos-23.05"`
|
||||
- nixpkgs: `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Search for packages
|
||||
|
||||
* https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=23.05
|
||||
|
||||
### Search for options
|
||||
|
||||
* https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=23.05
|
||||
* Or `man configuration.nix`
|
||||
* https://mipmip.github.io/home-manager-option-search
|
||||
* Or `man home-configuration.nix`
|
||||
|
||||
### Search which package owns a file
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Note how your shell prefix changes.
|
||||
nix-shell -p nix-index
|
||||
```
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# Either build the index manually (requires >12GB RAM):
|
||||
nix-index
|
||||
# Or download weekly build:
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/.cache/nix-index/ && wget -q -N https://github.com/nix-community/nix-index-database/releases/latest/download/index-x86_64-linux -O ~/.cache/nix-index/files
|
||||
|
||||
# Then search for a file
|
||||
nix-locate --whole-name '/bash'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### List files of package
|
||||
|
||||
* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/list-files-of-package/25830/2?u=langfingaz
|
||||
|
||||
Example for `nano`:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
find $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A nano --no-link)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Excerpt of the result:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano
|
||||
/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/asm.nanorc
|
||||
/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/autoconf.nanorc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Compare two versions of NixOS system profile
|
||||
|
||||
Get latest system profile. This is the profile (usually) being active after booting the system:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1
|
||||
#=> 120
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Compare current with previous profile:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/36641298
|
||||
prev="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 2 | head -n 1)"
|
||||
curr="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1)"
|
||||
nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${prev}" /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${curr}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Compare two arbitrary system profiles:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-110-link /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-116-link
|
||||
```
|
||||
```
|
||||
cpupower: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
|
||||
element-desktop: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, +2218.9 KiB
|
||||
element-web: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, -73.1 KiB
|
||||
exempi: 2.6.3 → 2.6.4
|
||||
firefox: 116.0.3 → 117.0
|
||||
firefox-unwrapped: 116.0.3 → 117.0, -292.6 KiB
|
||||
gnome-shell-extension-openweather: ∅ → 121, +590.5 KiB
|
||||
hm_fontconfigconf.d10hmfonts.conf: ∅ → ε
|
||||
initrd: ∅ → ε
|
||||
initrd-linux: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
|
||||
libcap: 2.68 → 2.69
|
||||
linux: 6.1.47, 6.1.47-modules → 6.1.51, 6.1.51-modules, -11.8 KiB
|
||||
meld: ∅ → 3.22.0, +3858.5 KiB
|
||||
net-snmp: 5.9.3 → 5.9.4
|
||||
nixos-system-yodaTab: 23.05.3085.2ab91c8d65c0 → 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf
|
||||
openjdk: +19.5 KiB
|
||||
python3.10-pygobject: +27.0 KiB
|
||||
stage: ∅ → 1-init.sh, +29.5 KiB
|
||||
tor-browser-bundle-bin: 12.5.2 → 12.5.3, +18.1 KiB
|
||||
user: +2885.0 KiB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### NixOS configuration debugging
|
||||
|
||||
* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nix_command/repl
|
||||
|
||||
Evaluating parts of the configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
First, start `nix repl`:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
nix repl --file '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -I nixos-config=hosts/$(hostname)/configuration.nix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Example: `config.home-manager`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
config.home-manager.
|
||||
# Press `TAB`
|
||||
#=> config.home-manager.backupFileExtension config.home-manager.useUserPackages
|
||||
#=> config.home-manager.extraSpecialArgs config.home-manager.users
|
||||
#=> config.home-manager.sharedModules config.home-manager.verbose
|
||||
#=> config.home-manager.useGlobalPkgs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Example: The `home` variable:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
config.home-manager.users.yoda.home
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Example: The value of one config option
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# The following option is set to `"${config.xdg.dataHome}/.histfile";`
|
||||
# where `config` is the Home Manager configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
config.home-manager.users.yoda.programs.zsh.history.path
|
||||
#=> "/home/yoda/.local/share/.histfile"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Show Nix configuration
|
||||
|
||||
* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-show-config.html
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command show-config
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON
|
||||
|
||||
See also section "NixOS Configuration Debugging"!
|
||||
|
||||
* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/can-i-run-nix-instantiate-eval-strict-on-my-configuration-nix/7105/4
|
||||
|
||||
This evaluates `configuration.nix` (single module):
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1 nix-instantiate --strict --json --eval -E '
|
||||
import ./hosts/yodaTab/configuration.nix {
|
||||
config = {};
|
||||
pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
|
||||
lib = import <nixpkgs/lib>;
|
||||
}
|
||||
' > evaluated-config.json
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then open `evaluated-config.json`.
|
||||
|
||||
### References
|
||||
## References
|
||||
|
||||
Some references to websites that helped me create this repository:
|
||||
|
||||
* https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs
|
||||
* https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide#getting-started
|
||||
|
||||
## TODOs
|
||||
|
||||
* Nitrokey LUKS unlock
|
||||
* Yubikey LUKS: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Yubikey_based_Full_Disk_Encryption_(FDE)_on_NixOS
|
||||
* Yubikey LUKS: https://github.com/georgewhewell/nixos-host/blob/master/profiles/luks-yubi.nix
|
||||
* Old wiki entry, initramfs smartcard LUKS unlock: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SmartCardLUKSDiskEncryption#SmartCard_Setup
|
||||
* Nitrokey PAM log-in
|
||||
* https://docs.nitrokey.com/pro/linux/login-with-pam
|
||||
* You have two options: `pam_p11` or `PAM Poldi`.
|
||||
* The solution with pam_p11 is more difficult to achieve and is based on S/MIME certificates.
|
||||
* I could not find pam-poldi for NixOS :/
|
||||
|
||||
* Impermanence, opt-in to persistence:
|
||||
https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs/tree/main#try-opt-in-persistance
|
||||
* nix-shell / lorri
|
||||
* https://ghedam.at/15978/an-introduction-to-nix-shell
|
||||
* docker-compose.yml for services and nix-shell to run the code
|
||||
* Simple NixOS flake template for NixOS with HomeManager. https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs#readme
|
||||
* NixOS guide (development enviroment, gaming, etc). https://github.com/mikeroyal/NixOS-Guide#table-of-contents
|
||||
|
||||
19
TODO.md
Normal file
19
TODO.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
# TODOs
|
||||
|
||||
This document contains ideas about possible extensions or improvements of my NixOS configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
* Nitrokey LUKS unlock
|
||||
* Yubikey LUKS: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Yubikey_based_Full_Disk_Encryption_(FDE)_on_NixOS
|
||||
* Yubikey LUKS: https://github.com/georgewhewell/nixos-host/blob/master/profiles/luks-yubi.nix
|
||||
* Old wiki entry, initramfs smartcard LUKS unlock: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SmartCardLUKSDiskEncryption#SmartCard_Setup
|
||||
* Nitrokey PAM log-in
|
||||
* https://docs.nitrokey.com/pro/linux/login-with-pam
|
||||
* You have two options: `pam_p11` or `PAM Poldi`.
|
||||
* The solution with pam_p11 is more difficult to achieve and is based on S/MIME certificates.
|
||||
* I could not find pam-poldi for NixOS :/
|
||||
|
||||
* Impermanence, opt-in to persistence:
|
||||
https://github.com/Misterio77/nix-starter-configs/tree/main#try-opt-in-persistance
|
||||
* nix-shell / lorri
|
||||
* https://ghedam.at/15978/an-introduction-to-nix-shell
|
||||
* docker-compose.yml for services and nix-shell to run the code
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user