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252 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
252 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
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# NixOS
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This document contains general notes about NixOS that are independent of my NixOS configuration.
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## Misc
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* There is controversy about flakes, rather use channels (e.g. with niv)
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* Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions," [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226010942/http://www.linux.com/feature/155922) December 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine linux.com, December 22, 2008
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## Nix Pills
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* https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/pr01
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It provides a tutorial introduction into the Nix package manager and Nixpkgs package collection, in the form of short
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chapters called 'pills'.
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## Papers
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Papers about Nix:
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* The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model (2006). http://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf
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* May 2023: Some insights from the thesis in short form. https://jonathanlorimer.dev/posts/nix-thesis.html
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* NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution (2008): https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-icfp2008-final.pdf, https://github.com/edolstra/edolstra.github.io/blob/master/pubs/nixos-jfp-final.pdf
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* Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment (2004): https://edolstra.github.io/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf
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## System information
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```shell
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nix-info -m
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```
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```
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- system: `"x86_64-linux"`
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- host os: `Linux 6.1.51, NixOS, 23.05 (Stoat), 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf`
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- multi-user?: `yes`
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- sandbox: `yes`
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- version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.13.5`
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- channels(root): `"nixos-23.05"`
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- nixpkgs: `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos`
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```
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## Search for packages
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* https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=23.05
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## Search for options
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* https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=23.05
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* Or `man configuration.nix`
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* https://mipmip.github.io/home-manager-option-search
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* Or `man home-configuration.nix`
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## Search which package owns a file
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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nix-shell -p nix-index
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```
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```shell
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# Either build the index manually (requires >12GB RAM):
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nix-index
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# Or download weekly build:
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mkdir -p ~/.cache/nix-index/ && wget -q -N https://github.com/nix-community/nix-index-database/releases/latest/download/index-x86_64-linux -O ~/.cache/nix-index/files
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# Then search for a file
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nix-locate --whole-name '/bash'
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```
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## List files of package
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/list-files-of-package/25830/2?u=langfingaz
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Example for `nano`:
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```shell
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find $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A nano --no-link)
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```
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Excerpt of the result:
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```
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/asm.nanorc
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/nix/store/jqvxmx65mfinbsm6db9kmcqmphl44xhp-nano-7.2/share/nano/autoconf.nanorc
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```
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## Compare two versions of NixOS system profile
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Get latest system profile. This is the profile (usually) being active after booting the system:
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```shell
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ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1
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#=> 120
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```
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Compare current with previous profile:
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```shell
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# https://stackoverflow.com/a/36641298
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prev="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 2 | head -n 1)"
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curr="$(ls -1 /nix/var/nix/profiles/ | sort -t'-' -n -k2 | tail -n 1)"
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${prev}" /nix/var/nix/profiles/"${curr}"
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```
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Compare two arbitrary system profiles:
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```shell
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command store diff-closures /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-110-link /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-116-link
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```
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```
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cpupower: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
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element-desktop: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, +2218.9 KiB
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element-web: 1.11.38 → 1.11.40, -73.1 KiB
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exempi: 2.6.3 → 2.6.4
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firefox: 116.0.3 → 117.0
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firefox-unwrapped: 116.0.3 → 117.0, -292.6 KiB
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gnome-shell-extension-openweather: ∅ → 121, +590.5 KiB
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hm_fontconfigconf.d10hmfonts.conf: ∅ → ε
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initrd: ∅ → ε
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initrd-linux: 6.1.47 → 6.1.51
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libcap: 2.68 → 2.69
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linux: 6.1.47, 6.1.47-modules → 6.1.51, 6.1.51-modules, -11.8 KiB
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meld: ∅ → 3.22.0, +3858.5 KiB
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net-snmp: 5.9.3 → 5.9.4
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nixos-system-yodaTab: 23.05.3085.2ab91c8d65c0 → 23.05.3242.da5adce0ffaf
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openjdk: +19.5 KiB
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python3.10-pygobject: +27.0 KiB
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stage: ∅ → 1-init.sh, +29.5 KiB
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tor-browser-bundle-bin: 12.5.2 → 12.5.3, +18.1 KiB
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user: +2885.0 KiB
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```
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## NixOS configuration debugging
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nix_command/repl
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Evaluating parts of the configuration.
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First, start `nix repl`:
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```shell
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nix repl --file '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -I nixos-config=hosts/$(hostname)/configuration.nix
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```
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Example: `config.home-manager`
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```shell
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config.home-manager.
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# Press `TAB`
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#=> config.home-manager.backupFileExtension config.home-manager.useUserPackages
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#=> config.home-manager.extraSpecialArgs config.home-manager.users
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#=> config.home-manager.sharedModules config.home-manager.verbose
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#=> config.home-manager.useGlobalPkgs
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```
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Example: The `home` variable:
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```shell
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config.home-manager.users.yoda.home
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```
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Example: The value of one config option
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```shell
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# The following option is set to `"${config.xdg.dataHome}/.histfile";`
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# where `config` is the Home Manager configuration.
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config.home-manager.users.yoda.programs.zsh.history.path
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#=> "/home/yoda/.local/share/.histfile"
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```
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## Show Nix configuration
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* https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-show-config.html
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```shell
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nix --extra-experimental-features nix-command show-config
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```
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## Evaluate NixOS configuration to JSON
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See also section "NixOS Configuration Debugging"!
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/can-i-run-nix-instantiate-eval-strict-on-my-configuration-nix/7105/4
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This evaluates `configuration.nix` (single module):
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```shell
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NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1 nix-instantiate --strict --json --eval -E '
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import ./hosts/yodaTab/configuration.nix {
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config = {};
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pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
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lib = import <nixpkgs/lib>;
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}
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' > evaluated-config.json
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```
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Then open `evaluated-config.json`.
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## Evaluate expressions
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* https://discourse.nixos.org/t/eval-nix-expression-from-the-command-line/8993/6
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```shell
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nix-instantiate --eval -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; vscode.version'
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#=> "1.78.2"
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```
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Shell wrapper:
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```shell
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nix-eval() { nix-instantiate --eval -E "with import <nixpkgs> {}; ${*}"; }
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```
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Examples:
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```shell
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nix-eval 'vscode.version'
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#=> "1.78.2"
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nix-eval 'lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)'
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#=> [ "1" "2" ]
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nix-eval 'lib.head [1 2]'
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#=> 1
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nix-eval 'lib.head (
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lib.forEach [ 1 2 ] (x: toString x)
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)'
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#=> "1"
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nix-eval 'lib.head (
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lib.forEach [ {a=1;} {a=2;} ] (x: x.a)
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)'
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#=> 1
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nix-eval 'lib.attrsets.mergeAttrsList [{a=1;} {b=2;}]'
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#=> { a = 1; b = 2; }
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nix-eval '{ a=1; }.b or 2'
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#=> 2
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nix-eval '{ a=false; }.a or true'
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#=> false
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nix-eval '{ a=1; }?a'
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#=> true
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```
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## Run AppImages
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* https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Appimage
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```shell
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# Note how your shell prefix changes.
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nix-shell -p appimage-run
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```
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```shell
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# Inside the shell, you can run an AppImage:
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appimage-run ~/Downloads/ubports-installer_0.10.0_linux_x86_64.AppImage
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```
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