From 966f2b0bd1f137396c9478b183ff15ef087c9848 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sheppy Date: Sat, 28 Jan 2017 23:27:35 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Added Zusammenfassung of https://gitlab.cs.fau.de/zi90tedy/rechnerkommunikation for future editing --- RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Footer.tex | 5 + RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Header.tex | 107 +++ RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/LICENSE | 674 ++++++++++++++++++ RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/README.md | 1 + .../RK_Zusammenfassung.tex | 339 +++++++++ 5 files changed, 1126 insertions(+) create mode 100644 RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Footer.tex create mode 100644 RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Header.tex create mode 100644 RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/LICENSE create mode 100644 RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/README.md create mode 100644 RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/RK_Zusammenfassung.tex diff --git a/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Footer.tex b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Footer.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a44fe22 --- /dev/null +++ b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Footer.tex @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +\pagebreak +\renewcommand{\indexname}{Stichwortverzeichnis} +\printindex + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Header.tex b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Header.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..352e3a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/Header.tex @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +\documentclass[10pt, + a4paper, + %twoside, + %draft +]{scrartcl} + +% include graphics +\usepackage{graphicx} + +% Einstellungen für deutsche Schrift: +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % UTF-8-Codierung +\usepackage[ + english, % Englische Rechtschreibung + ngerman % neue Deutsche Rechtschreibung (wenn hier auch Überschriften) +]{babel} % Silbentrennung etc. +\usepackage{marvosym} % Sonderzeichen + +% für ein verbessertes Schriftbild: +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Umlaut-Management +\usepackage{lmodern} % LaTeX-Standardschrift (Vektorgrafik) +\usepackage{microtype} % Blocksatz wird verbessert + +% Seitenränder anpassen: +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{a4paper, + top=16mm, + left=18mm, + right=18mm, + bottom=21mm +} + +% Einzug für neuen Absatz entfernen: +\setlength{\parindent}{0cm} + +% Mathe-Tools: +\usepackage{mathtools} +\usepackage{dsfont} % für \mathds{R} + +% URLs benutzen (z.B. in der Quellenangabe) +\usepackage{url} + +\usepackage[numbers]{natbib} +\renewcommand{\bibsection}{ +\section*{Quellen} +%\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Quellen} +} +%\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,} + +% Index / Stichwortverzeichnis +\usepackage{makeidx} +\makeindex +\usepackage[totoc]{idxlayout} % Index in TOC und balanciert + +% Listen enger rücken +\usepackage{mdwlist} + +\usepackage[ + pdfauthor={Ralf Uhlig}, +% title={•}, +% pdfsubject={•}, +% pdfkeywords={•}, + hidelinks % Rahmen (und Farben) ausblenden +]{hyperref} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{color} +\usepackage{courier} +\usepackage{pdfpages} +\usepackage{todonotes} +\usepackage{multicol} +\usepackage[all]{nowidow} +\usepackage{scrpage2} + +\begin{document} +\author{Ralf Uhlig\\zi90tedy} + +\definecolor{gray}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95} +\lstset{ + frame=single, + tabsize=4, + numbers=left, + numbersep=5pt, + numberstyle=\tiny, + basicstyle=\ttfamily, + breaklines=true, + backgroundcolor=\color{gray} +} + + +\bibliographystyle{plainnat} + +\setcounter{tocdepth}{4} +%\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4} +\newpage + \pagenumbering{Roman} + \tableofcontents +\newpage +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\pagebreak + +% page header: +\automark[subsection]{section} +\clearscrheadings +\ihead{\leftmark} +\ohead{\rightmark} +\cfoot{\pagemark} +\pagestyle{scrheadings} diff --git a/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/LICENSE b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a9ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/README.md b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..311896c --- /dev/null +++ b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/README.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Um die Zusammenfassung kompilieren zu können, müssen die Vorlesungsfolien des Sommersemeters 2015 im Unterordner "Vorlesung" und die Übungsfolien im Unterordner "Uebungen" gespeichert werden. Die Dateinamen dürfen nicht verändert werden. diff --git a/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/RK_Zusammenfassung.tex b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/RK_Zusammenfassung.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f32102 --- /dev/null +++ b/RK/Zusammenfassung_Ralf_Uhlig/RK_Zusammenfassung.tex @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ +% !TeX encoding = UTF-8 +% Die Folien der Vorlesung (RK__*.pdf) und Übung (Uebung_*.pdf) sind (passwortgeschützt) zu finden unter: +% http://www7.cs.fau.de/de/teaching/rechnerkommunikation-2015s/ +% Abzuspeichern in den Utnerordnern „Vorlesung“ und „Uebungen“. +% +% Kompilierreihenfolge: PDFLaTeX - MakeIndex - PDFLaTeX + +\input{Header} +\newcommand{\folie}[2][]{\fbox{\includegraphics[page=#1,width=0.75\textwidth]{#2.pdf}}} + +\section*{Schichten-Modell}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Schichten-Modell} +Ursprünglich (laut OSI) in sieben Schichten geplant:\\ +\folie[35]{Vorlesung/RK_1_Einfuehrung} + +\section{Physikalische Schicht (Bitübertragungsschicht)} +mechanische, elektrische und prozedurale Eigenschaften zur Übertragung von Bits: Zeitsynchronisation, Kodierung, Modulation, binäre Formate, Modulationsverfahren, ... +\subsection{Leitungskodierung}\index{Kodierung!Leitungs-|textbf} +Ein digitales Signal muss erst in ein analoges konvertiert werden, um übertragen werden zu können. + +\folie[4]{Vorlesung/RK_6_PhysikalischeSchicht} + +\folie[5]{Vorlesung/RK_6_PhysikalischeSchicht}\index{Kodierung!Manchester-} \index{NRZ(I)} + +\folie[6]{Vorlesung/RK_6_PhysikalischeSchicht} +\section{Sicherungsschicht} +Rahmen zwischen benachbarten Geräten, Medienzugriff, Sicherung. +\subsection{Ethernet}\index{Ethernet|textbf} +Sicherungsschicht, kabelgebundene LANs + +\subsubsection{Framegröße}\index{Framegröße}\index{Ethernet!Framegröße} +Mindestens 64 Byte (14 Byte Header, 46 Byte Nutzdaten, 4 Byte CRC), damit die Übertragung nicht einseitig beendet wird, bevor das erste Bit am Empfänger angekomment ist. $L/R > 2D$ + +Muss kleiner sein, als der Backoff, damit CSMA/CD\index{CSMA!CD} (Kollisionserkennung) funktioniert. +\subsubsection{Repeater / Bridge}\index{Repeater}\index{Bridge} +\folie[68]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\paragraph{Hub}\index{Hub} Repeater mit vielen Ports, keine Pufferung aber Managementfunktion +\paragraph{Switch}\index{Switch} Bridge mit vielen Ports, Pufferung an jedem Port, Store-and-Forward, voll-duplex + +\subsubsection{VLAN}\index{VLAN} +\folie[75]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\subsection{Datensicherung}\index{Datensicherung} +\folie[13]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\subsubsection{CRC}\index{CRC} +\folie[14]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht}\\ +Euklidische Division: \glqq XOR-Division\grqq + +\folie[15]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht}\index{Generatorpolynom} + +\folie[16]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + + +\subsection{ARP}\index{ARP|textbf} +\folie[9]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\subsubsection{MAC-Adresse ermitteln} +\index{MAC-Adresse!ermitteln} +Kann über Broadcast der gesuchten IP an die Geräte des lokalen Ethernet-Netzwerks ermittelt werden. Das gesuchte Gerät antwortet mit eigener MAC-Adresse. + +\subsection{Mehrfachzugriff}\index{Mehrfachzugriff}\index{Kanalaufteilung} +\folie[20]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\begin{itemize} +\item Frequenzmultiplex\index{Multiplex!Frequenz-}\index{FDMA} (Frequency Division Multiplex Access, FDMA): Geräte verwenden verschiedene Teile des Frequenzspektrums +\item Zeitmultiplex\index{Multiplex!Zeit-}\index{TDMA} (Time Division Multiplex Access, TDMA): Geräte wechseln sich zeitlich ab +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{CDMA}\index{CDMA|textbf} +\folie[22]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\subsection{ALOHA}\index{ALOHA|textbf} +\folie[28]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\folie[34]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht}\index{Leistungsanalyse!ALOHA} + +\subsection{CSMA}\index{CSMA|textbf} +\folie[43]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} +\subsubsection{CSMA/CD}\index{CSMA!CD|textbf} (Collision Detection, z.B. in Ethernet)\\ +Wenn Rahmengröße $<=$ Backoff können Sendewiederholungen nicht kollidieren, sofern beide Knoten nicht gleichzeitig aus dem Backoff kommen. + +\folie[48]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} + +\folie[49]{Vorlesung/RK_5_Sicherungsschicht} +\subsubsection{CSMA/CA} (Collision Avoidance, z.B. bei WLAN\index{WLAN})\index{CSMA!CA} +\begin{itemize} +\item Kollisionserkennung würde 2. Antenne benötigen, die während des Sendens +empfängt, schwieriger, teurer +\item 2 Varianten: Basic Access, RTS/CTS-Austausch +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Schwachstellen}\index{Schwachstellen (Sicherungsschicht)} +\folie[7]{Vorlesung/RK_7_Netzwerksicherheit} + +\section{Netzwerk-/Vermittlungsschicht} +Datagramme zwischen Hosts über Router (IP), Weiterleitung, Wegewahl (Routing) + +\subsection{Adressierungsarten}\index{Adressierung!Arten} +Laut OSI-Modell in der Vermittlungsschicht. + +\subsubsection{Unicast}\index{Unicast} +Nachricht zwischen einem Sender und einem Empfänger. +\paragraph{proaktives Routing}\index{proaktives Unicast-Routung}\index{Routing!Unicast (proaktiv)} Die Informationen über die Netztopologie werden ausgetauscht und aktuell gehalten. Mit Graph-basierten Verfahren werden Pfade zu allen Zielen bestimmt, die bei Sendewunsch genutzt werden. +\subsubsection{Broadcast}\index{Broadcast} +An alle Teilnehmer eines Netzes (z.B. VLAN/Subnetz als Broadcastdomäne).\\ +\textbf{limited}: an IP 255.255.255.255, also immer das eigene Subnetz\\ +\textbf{directed}: an anderes Subnetz (seit August 1999 per default in Routern deaktiviert wegen DDoS-Gefahr) + + +\subsubsection{Anycast}\index{Anycast} +Ein Empfänger aus einer Gruppe möglicher Ziele, i.d.R. der nächstgelegene. \\ +Für den Client nicht von Unicast unterscheidbar, da der Empfänger durch Routingtabelle im Router ermittelt wird. +\subsubsection{Multicast}\index{Multicast} +Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt/Gruppenruf: ein Sender, eine Gruppe von Empfängern. +\paragraph{Routing}\index{Routing!Multicast (proaktiv)} +Erweiterung des Unicast-Routings (ebenfalls proaktiv). Router und Links sollen effizient genutzt werden. +\subsubsection{Geocast}\index{Geocast} +Spezielle Form des Multicastings: Adressierung an bestimmten GPS-Koordinaten-Bereich (geometrisch) oder ein Alias (symbolisch). + +\subsection{IP}\index{IP|textbf} + +\subsubsection{Datagramm-Basierte Paketvermittlung}\index{Datagramm|textbf}\index{Paketvermittlung} +\folie[5]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\folie[8]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} +\subsubsection{ICMP}\index{ICMP|textbf} +\folie[29]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\folie[30]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\subsubsection{DHCP}\index{DHCP|textbf} +\folie[32]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\subsubsection{IPv6}\index{IPv6} +\folie[40]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\subsubsection{Subnetz}\index{Subnetz} +\folie[21]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\subsubsection{CIDR}\index{CIDR} +\folie[23]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\paragraph{CIDR-Suffix}\index{CIDR!Suffix} Anzahl der 1en in der Subnetz-Maske\index{Subnetz!Maske} (X in Folie oben). + + +\vspace{0.2cm} Anzahl IPv4-Adressen\index{IP-Adresse!Anzahl in Subnetz} $2^{(32-\text{Länge der Netzwerkadresse})}$ bzw. $2^{(32-\text{CIDR-Suffix})}$ + +\subsubsection{NAT}\index{NAT} +\folie[36]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\folie[38]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\subsection{Routing}\index{Routing|textbf}\index{Domäne} +\folie[56]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\folie[56]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht}\index{Routing!proaktiv}\index{Routing!reaktiv} +\subsubsection{Dijkstra-Verfahren}\index{Dijkstra-Verfahren} +\begin{enumerate} +\item Beliebigen Knoten aufschreiben +\item Distanz des aktuellen Knotens + Distanz zu Nachbarknoten ($\infty$ wenn nicht erreichbar) +\item Distanz + aktuellen Knoten aufschreiben wenn kleiner als aktuell aufgeschriebene Distanz +\item Knoten mit kleinster Distanz aufschreiben, Zeilen darunter streichen, weiter mit 2. +\end{enumerate} +\folie[73]{Vorlesung/RK_4_Netzwerkschicht} + +\section{Transportschicht} +Ende-zu-Ende Transport von Segmenten zwischen Anwendungen (TCP, UDP) + +\subsection{Verzögerungszeiten an einem Knoten}\index{Verzögerungszeiten!an Knoten} +\folie[18]{Uebungen/Uebung_1} + + + +\subsection{Fehlerkontrolle}\index{Fehlerkontrolle} +\folie[16]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsubsection{Paketverlust}\index{Paketverlust} +Wenn Warteschlange (Puffer) voll, Verlust auf Kanal + +\subsubsection{Stop-and-Wait}\index{Stop-and-Wait} +Wartet nach senden auf ACK, sendet erneut, wenn ACK nicht rechtzeitig zurückkommt.\\ +\folie[18]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\folie[9]{Uebungen/Uebung_4}\index{Sequenznummernraum} + +\subsubsection{Go-Back-N}\index{Go-Back-N} +Sender schickt bis zu $n$ Pakete und wartet jeweils auf eine Bestätigung. Kommt eine ACK zu spät an werden dieses und alle folgenden Pakete erneut gesendet.\\ +Kumulatives ACK: beinhaltet auch Bestätigungen bis zu $n$ vorheriger Pakete, um ACK-Verlust auszugleichen.\\ +\folie[64]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\folie[66]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsubsection{Selective Repeat}\index{Selective Repeat} +\folie[73]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\folie[75]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsection{TCP}\index{TCP|textbf} +\subsubsection{Segmentformat}\index{Segmentformat!TCP} +\folie[108]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\folie[109]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsubsection{Überlastkontrolle}\index{Überlastkontrolle!TCP} +\folie[150]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht}\index{Slow Start!TCP}\index{AMID} + +\folie[151]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\folie[152]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht}\index{Slow Start!Beispiel} + + + +\subsubsection{RTT}\index{RTT} +Zeit, um Paket von der Quelle zum Ziel und zurück zu schicken. +\subsubsection{Verzögerung}\index{Verzögerung}~\\ +\folie[15]{Uebungen/Uebung_5} +\begin{itemize} +\item L: MSS in Bits (Maximum Segment Size), Default sind 536 Bytes +\item O: Objektgröße in Bits +\item R: Bitrate +\item RTT: round trip time +\item W: Fenstergröße in MSSs +\end{itemize} + +\subsubsection{Antwortzeit}\index{Antwortzeit}~\\ +\folie[166]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsubsection{Leistungsanalyse}\index{Leistungsanalyse!TCP}\index{HTTP!Antwortzeiten bei Webseiten} +\folie[16]{Uebungen/Uebung_5} + +\subsection{UDP}\index{UDP|textbf} +verbindungslos (Versenden einzelner Datagramme), unzuverlässig + +\subsubsection{Segmentformat}\index{Segmentformat!UDP} +\folie[6]{Vorlesung/RK_3_Transportschicht} + +\subsubsection{Pseudo-Header} +Wird für Generierung der Checksumme erzeugt, aber nicht übertragen.\\ +\vbox{ +\begin{itemize} +\item Quell-IP-Adresse (32 bit) +\item Ziel-IP-Adresse (32 bit)\index{IP-Adresse!im UDP-Pseudo-Header} +\item Leerfeld (8 bit) +\item Protokill-ID (17: UDP, 8 bit) +\item Länge des UDP-Datagramms (16 bit) +\end{itemize}} +Vorteil: 1-Bit-Fehler in IP-Header können erkannt werden\\ +Nachteil: Verletzung des Schichtenprinzips +\section{Anwendungsschicht} +Netzwerkanwendungen +\subsection{HTTP}\index{HTTP|textbf} +\folie[13]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\folie[15]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\subsection{FTP}\index{FTP|textbf} +\folie[32]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\subsubsection{Out-of-Band-Control} +\index{Out-of-Band-Control} +Zwei verschiedene Verbindungen für Daten und Kontrollinformationen (ID, Passwort, put/get). +\begin{itemize} +\item TCP Steuerverbindung auf Port 21 +\item TCP Datenverbindung auf Port 20 +\end{itemize} +Vorteil: kann Befehle auch bei Datenübertragung annehmen. + +\subsubsection{Active/Passive Mode} +\index{active mode}\index{passive mode} +\folie[16]{Uebungen/Uebung_3} + +Vorteil des passiven Modus: Der Server muss den Client nicht kennen. Die Übertragung funktioniert also auch, wenn der Client hinter Router/Firewall/NAT-Netzwerk/etc. versteckt ist. + +\subsection{SMTP}\index{SMTP|textbf} +\folie[34]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\folie[35]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\subsection{SNMP}\index{SNMP|textbf} +\folie[39]{Vorlesung/RK_2_Anwendungsschicht} + +\pagebreak +\section*{Abkürzungen}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Abkürzungen} +\begin{description*} +\item[ACK] acknowledgment, positive Bestätigung +\item[ARP] Address Resolution Protocol +\item[AS] Autonome Systeme +\item[ASN.1] Abstract Syntax Notation One +\item[ATM] Asynchronous Transfer Mode +\item[BER] Bit Encoding Rules +\item[BGP] Border Gateway Protocol +\item[CDN] Content Distribution Network +\item[CGI] Common Gateway Interface +\item[CIDR] Classless Inter-Domain Routing +\item[CRC] Cyclic Redundancy Check +\item[CSMA] Carrier Sense Multiple Access \\ /CD = Collision Detection (Ethernet) /CA = Collision Avoidance (WLAN) +\item[CW] Congestion Window (Überlastfenster) +\item[DHCP] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol +\item[DHT] Distributed Hash Table +\item[DIFS] Distribution Interframe Space +\item[DNS] Domain Name System +\item[ECN] Explicit Congestion Notification +\item[EGP] Exterior Gateway Protokoll +\item[FDDI] Fiber Distributed Data Interface, Multi-Token Ring +\item[FDMA] Frequency Division Multiplex Access, Frequenzmultiplex +\item[FTP] File Transfer Protocol +\item[HOL] Head-of-the-Line +\item[HTTP] Hypertext Transfer Protocol +\item[ICMP] Internet Control Message Protocol +\item[IGP] Interior Gateway Protokolle +\item[LSA] Link-State-Advertisement +\item[LSP] Label-Switched Path +\item[LSR] Label Switched Router +\item[MAC] Media Access Control +\item[MIB] Management Information Base +\item[MPLS] Multiprotocol Label Switching - virtuelle Leitungsvermittlung, schnelles Weiterleiten (ATMs) +\item[MSS] Maximum Segment Size +\item[MTU] Maximum Transmission Unit +\item[NAT] Network Address Translation +\item[OSPF] Open Shortest Path First +\item[PDU] Protocol Data Units +\item[RIP] Routing Information Protocol +\item[RTT] Round Trip Time +\item[SACK] Selective Acknowledgment (TCP) +\item[SAP] Service Access Points +\item[SDP] Session Description Protocol - Aushandeln von Kodierungsverfahren bei SIP +\item[SDU] Service Data Units +\item[SIFS] Short Interframe Space +\item[SMTP] Simple Mail Transfer Protocol +\item[SMI] Structure of Management Information +\item[SNMP] Simple Network Management Protocol +\item[TDMA] Time Division Multiplex Access, Zeitmultiplex +\item[TCP] Transmission Control Protocol +\item[TTL] Time To Live +\item[UDP] User Datagram Protocol +\item[URL] Uniform Resource Locator +\end{description*} +\input{Footer} \ No newline at end of file